Pol β nucleotide insertion in bypassing a cdA during DNA lagging strand maturation and BER was examined by incubating the open-template substrates and 1-nt gap substrates that contained a downstream 5′-phosphate or 5′-THF residue and a template 5′R-cdA or 5′S-cdA with 5 nM (A) or 50 nM (B) pol β in the presence of 50 μM dATP or dTTP or dCTP or dGTP respectively under the experimental conditions described in Materials and Methods. In both panels, lanes 1, 6, 11, 16, 21 and 26 represent substrates only. Lanes 2–5, 7–10, 12–15, 17–20, 22–25 and 27–30 correspond to reaction mixtures with 5 nM or 50 nM pol β in the presence of 50 μM dATP, dTTP, dCTP or dGTP. Substrates were 32P-labeled at the 5′-end of the upstream primer as indicated. Substrates are illustrated schematically above the gel.