Table 1.
Summary of Mechanisms Regulating Activity and Expression of NOX and DUOX Enzymes
| NOX/DUOX | Regulatory subunits | Other regulatory issues | Requiring of p22phox |
|---|---|---|---|
| NOX1 | NOXO1, NOXA1, Rac1 | STAT1, INF-γ, LPS, angiotensin II, urokinase plasminogen activator, platelet-derived growth factor, prostaglandin F2, phorbol ester, activated K-Ras | Yes |
| NOX2 | p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, Rac2/1 | Yes | |
| NOX3 | NOXO1, NOXA1 | Yes | |
| NOX4 | Constitutively active | Nrf2, MAPK, MEK1-ERK1/2 | Yes |
| NOX5 | Ca2+ and phosphorylation | No | |
| DUOX1 | Ca2+ | IL-4, IL-13 | No |
| DUOX2 | Ca2+ | IL-1α, IL-1β, IFN-γ | No |
DUOX, dual oxidase; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-mediated protein kinases 1 and 2; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases; MEK1, dual threonine and tyrosine recognition kinase; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor.