Table 9.
Regression of evaluative well-being measure on demographic and socioeconomic status variables
| Gallup | SWLS items | SWLS | ONS | SHARE | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ideal life | Excellent cond. | Satisfied | Important things | Change life | Factor | Average | Satisfied | Satisfied | ||
| Male | 0.00202 (0.0674) | −0.0161 (0.0610) | 0.0409 (0.0599) | −0.00260 (0.0613) | −0.126** (0.0583) | −0.211*** (0.0716) | −0.0332 (0.0345) | −0.0612 (0.0537) | −0.0002 (0.0745) | −0.00910 (0.0266) |
| With partner | 0.459*** (0.0805) | 0.325*** (0.0718) | 0.313*** (0.0695) | 0.407*** (0.0715) | 0.588*** (0.0696) | 0.441*** (0.0801) | 0.268*** (0.0403) | 0.420*** (0.0625) | 0.526*** (0.0881) | 0.191*** (0.0313) |
| Other | −0.195 (0.199) | −0.378** (0.182) | −0.339** (0.171) | −0.358** (0.182) | −0.313* (0.165) | 0.0516 (0.182) | −0.185* (0.100) | −0.269* (0.155) | −0.271 (0.217) | −0.214*** (0.0769) |
| Black | 0.342*** (0.124) | 0.182* (0.105) | 0.0891 (0.104) | 0.228** (0.107) | −0.102 (0.104) | 0.0837 (0.116) | 0.0648 (0.0567) | 0.0979 (0.0878) | 0.489*** (0.130) | 0.123*** (0.0467) |
| Hispanic | 0.327** (0.130) | 0.267** (0.106) | 0.309*** (0.111) | 0.223** (0.112) | 0.144 (0.110) | 0.206* (0.120) | 0.140** (0.0630) | 0.215** (0.0972) | 0.362** (0.145) | 0.0754 (0.0493) |
| No HS | 0.160 (0.226) | 0.115 (0.183) | −0.0283 (0.186) | 0.0275 (0.203) | −0.278 (0.190) | −0.0423 (0.213) | −0.0369 (0.107) | −0.0617 (0.167) | 0.0740 (0.245) | 0.118 (0.0834) |
| HS degree | −0.145 (0.120) | −0.0262 (0.111) | −0.210* (0.110) | −0.111 (0.110) | −0.321*** (0.104) | −0.0617 (0.128) | −0.0953 (0.0630) | −0.145 (0.0978) | −0.191 (0.135) | −0.0392 (0.0473) |
| Some college | −0.102 (0.0893) | −0.0226 (0.0847) | −0.183** (0.0837) | −0.104 (0.0843) | −0.241*** (0.0773) | −0.0505 (0.103) | −0.0783 (0.0478) | −0.119 (0.0744) | −0.0597 (0.100) | −0.0343 (0.0363) |
| Bachelor | −0.0859 (0.0899) | −0.0124 (0.0868) | −0.0748 (0.0842) | −0.0693 (0.0851) | −0.133* (0.0767) | −0.0207 (0.106) | −0.0420 (0.0481) | −0.0636 (0.0750) | −0.0320 (0.100) | −0.0123 (0.0370) |
| <$25,000$ | −0.650*** (0.141) | −0.768*** (0.126) | −0.884*** (0.123) | −0.731*** (0.126) | −0.740*** (0.118) | −0.572*** (0.142) | −0.477*** | −0.732*** (0.110) | −0.785*** (0.155) | −0.216*** (0.0555) |
| (0.0710) | ||||||||||
| $25,000–$49,999 | −0.388*** (0.102) | −0.596*** (0.0950) | −0.676*** (0.0945) | −0.561*** (0.0921) | −0.558*** (0.0883) | −0.420*** (0.115) | −0.367*** (0.0535) | −0.563*** (0.0833) | −0.456*** (0.111) | −0.182*** (0.0417) |
| $50,000–$74,999 | −0.298*** (0.0905) | −0.370*** (0.0866) | −0.459*** (0.0868) | −0.365*** (0.0842) | −0.385*** (0.0793) | −0.373*** (0.108) | −0.251*** (0.0485) | −0.389*** (0.0755) | −0.301*** (0.0999) | −0.109*** (0.0372) |
| $75,000–$100,000 | −0.00398 (0.104) | −0.0723 (0.0992) | −0.134 (0.0972) | −0.0628 (0.0940) | −0.0995 (0.0879) | −0.0726 (0.123) | −0.0563 (0.0560) | −0.0867 (0.0875) | −0.0469 (0.116) | −0.0246 (0.0416) |
| Age <25 | 0.0833 (0.251) | 0.316 (0.201) | 0.516** (0.206) | 0.431** (0.215) | 0.0565 (0.205) | 0.573** (0.253) | 0.242* (0.124) | 0.384** (0.193) | 0.454* (0.269) | 0.135 (0.0991) |
| Age 25–35 | −0.322** (0.136) | 0.0654 (0.123) | 0.153 (0.123) | 0.0597 (0.119) | −0.239** (0.119) | 0.315** (0.145) | 0.0381 (0.0704) | 0.0703 (0.109) | −0.173 (0.146) | 0.00338 (0.0527) |
| Age 35–45 | −0.430*** (0.137) | 0.0117 (0.130) | 0.00148 (0.130) | −0.0927 (0.124) | −0.316*** (0.123) | −0.0764 (0.151) | −0.0575 (0.0734) | −0.0909 (0.114) | −0.323** (0.154) | −0.0847 (0.0542) |
| Age 45–55 | −0.567*** (0.131) | −0.381*** (0.122) | −0.352*** (0.122) | −0.397*** (0.120) | −0.480*** (0.114) | −0.424*** (0.138) | −0.260*** (0.0690) | −0.407*** (0.107) | −0.563*** (0.146) | −0.196*** (0.0517) |
| Age 55–65 | −0.292*** (0.108) | −0.0423 (0.102) | −0.0898 (0.103) | −0.0663 (0.0977) | −0.157* (0.0927) | −0.280** (0.124) | −0.0739 (0.0578) | −0.125 (0.0900) | −0.289** (0.120) | −0.0830* (0.0437) |
| Unemployed | −0.611*** (0.185) | −0.374** (0.145) | −0.430*** (0.141) | −0.485*** (0.159) | −0.318** (0.153) | −0.128 (0.161) | −0.232*** (0.0858) | −0.348*** (0.133) | −0.696*** (0.198) | −0.210*** (0.0704) |
| Retired | 0.619*** (0.109) | 0.549*** (0.103) | 0.503*** (0.104) | 0.591*** (0.0979) | 0.483*** (0.0918) | 0.481*** (0.128) | 0.338*** (0.0583) | 0.522*** (0.0910) | 0.687*** (0.121) | 0.201*** (0.0440) |
| Disabled | −0.462** (0.209) | −0.377** (0.171) | −0.479*** (0.161) | −0.476*** (0.184) | −0.364** (0.179) | −0.112 (0.177) | −0.244** (0.0982) | −0.364** (0.152) | −0.394* (0.224) | −0.183** (0.0781) |
| Other work | 0.164 (0.101) | 0.231** (0.0911) | 0.235*** (0.0909) | 0.217** (0.0920) | 0.157* (0.0881) | 0.215** (0.106) | 0.137*** (0.0520) | 0.213*** (0.0807) | 0.218* (0.113) | 0.0569 (0.0405) |
| Self-reported health | −0.701*** (0.0456) | −0.561*** (0.0389) | −0.642*** (0.0371) | −0.583*** (0.0386) | −0.375*** (0.0368) | −0.455*** (0.0420) | −0.340*** (0.0218) | −0.524*** (0.0338) | −0.780*** (0.0488) | −0.264*** (0.0169) |
| Children in HH | −0.0782 (0.0737) | −0.0840 (0.0665) | −0.157** (0.0663) | −0.0900 (0.0669) | 0.111* (0.0650) | −0.0127 (0.0763) | −0.0316 (0.0380) | −0.0451 (0.0590) | −0.0663 (0.0811) | −0.00881 (0.0288) |
| Constant | 9.043*** (0.167) | 6.334*** (0.152) | 6.637*** (0.152) | 6.711*** (0.144) | 6.491*** (0.143) | 5.288*** (0.182) | 1.071*** (0.0855) | 6.286*** (0.133) | 8.975*** (0.182) | 3.837*** (0.0640) |
| Observations | 4,996 | 4,997 | 4,990 | 4,992 | 4,993 | 4,993 | 4,978 | 4,978 | 4,997 | 4,995 |
| R2 | 0.216 | 0.193 | 0.246 | 0.219 | 0.196 | 0.116 | 0.249 | 0.246 | 0.225 | 0.196 |
| p value race | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.37 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| p value education | 0.50 | 0.94 | 0.15 | 0.72 | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.63 | 0.28 |
| p value income | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| p value age | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| p value work status | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Estimation method is OLS; standard errors are clustered at the individual level. The p values mentioned in the last rows refer to a test of joint significance of the indicator variables for the categories race, education, income, age, and work status