Table 2.
Group Comparisons
| Group | Controls N=196 |
PDD N=388 |
SWEDD N=64 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Age at baseline(years) | 60.8 (11.2) | 61.5 (9.79) | 61.0 (10.0) |
|
| |||
| Age of onset | 59.6 (10.0) | 58.8 (10.5) | |
|
| |||
| Sex (N (%women)) | 70 (35.7%) | 132 (34.0%) | 24 (37.5%) |
|
| |||
| Time from first symptom to baseline visit (months) | 22.7 (23.7) | 23.5 (27.5) | |
|
| |||
| Time from first symptom to diagnosis (months) | 17.1 (22.2) | 18.6 (26.3) | |
|
| |||
| Total Years of Education | 16.0 (2.89) | 15.6 (3.00) | 15.1 (3.87) |
|
| |||
| Non-motor measures | |||
|
| |||
| MDS Non Motor Pt 1 1,2 | 2.92 (2.97) | 5.55 (4.05) | 8.25 (6.47) |
|
| |||
| UPSIT1,2 | 34.0 (4.85) | 22.3 (8.28) | 31.4 (6.23) |
|
| |||
| SCOPA-AUTO1,2 | 8.88 (7.43) | 13.4 (9.55) | 17.2 (12.2) |
|
| |||
| Cognitive Measures | |||
|
| |||
| Benton Line Judgement | 13.1 (1.98) | 12.8 (2.12) | 12.8 (2.38) |
|
| |||
| Hopkins verbal learning 2 | 15.6 (2.29) | 14.7 (2.59) | 14.4 (2.55) |
|
| |||
| Letter number sequence 3 | 10.9 (2.57) | 10.6 (2.66) | 9.88 (2.66) |
|
| |||
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment Battery2 | 28.2 (1.11) | 27.2 (2.33) | 27.1 (2.44) |
|
| |||
| Semantic Fluency 2 | 51.8 (11.2) | 48.9 (11.7) | 45.2 (12.4) |
|
| |||
| Symbol Digit2 | 46.8 (10.5) | 41.3 (9.87) | 41.2 (11.9) |
|
| |||
| Sleep-related Measures | |||
|
| |||
| REM2 | 2.85 (2.26) | 4.13 (2.68) | 4.55 (2.86) |
|
| |||
| Epworth Sleepiness1 | 5.64 (3.42) | 5.83 (3.46) | 8.08 (4.80) |
|
| |||
| Psychiatric Measures | |||
|
| |||
| Presence of Impulsive/Compulsive behaviors1 | 36 (18.7%) | 77 (19.8%) | 21 (32.8%) |
|
| |||
| Depression | 5.18 (1.38) | 5.27 (1.45) | 5.64 (1.71) |
|
| |||
| Anxiety State and Trait | 47.0 (3.50) | 46.6 (3.88) | 46.6 (3.83) |
|
| |||
| Motor Measures | |||
|
| |||
| Posture/Gait score1,2 | 0.04 (0.10) | 0.34 (0.28) | 0.21 (0.31) |
|
| |||
| Hypokinesia/Rigidity score1,2 | 0.04 (0.08) | 0.80 (0.41) | 0.48 (0.43) |
|
| |||
| Tremor score2 | 0.03 (0.08) | 0.43 (0.31) | 0.44 (0.29) |
|
| |||
| Motor Feature present at dx (N (% of group)): | |||
| Tremor | 0 | 301 (77.6%) | 53 (84.1%) |
| Rigidity4 | 0 | 298 (76.8%) | 37 (58.7%) |
| Bradykinesia | 0 | 321 (82.7%) | 51 (81.0%) |
| Postural Instability | 0 | 26 (6.70%) | 8 (12.9%) |
| Asymmetry of motor features4 | |||
| Left side more affected | 0 | 166 (42.8%) | 15 (23.4%) |
| Right side more affected | 0 | 212 (54.6%) | 44 (68.8%) |
| Both sides equally affected | 0 | 10 (2.58%) | 5 (7.81%) |
|
| |||
| NHY (Hoehn and Yahr Stage)2 | 0 | 1.55 (0.51) | 1.42 (0.50) |
|
| |||
| Neuroimaging | |||
|
| |||
| DATScan | |||
| R Caudate4,5 | 2.98 (0.62) | 1.99 (0.58) | 2.81 (0.60) |
| L Caudate4,5 | 3.03 (0.64) | 1.99 (0.57) | 2.82 (0.58) |
| R Putamen4,5 | 2.17 (0.61) | 0.86 (0.37) | 2.07 (0.52) |
| L Putamen4,5 | 2.16 (0.59) | 0.83 (0.36) | 2.03 (0.52) |
SWEDD=Scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficits
Please refer to Table 1 for Legend. Unless noted, all values in parentheses are standard deviations of raw scores.
1
SWEDD group is significantly different from Control and PDD groups
2
Control group is significantly different from SWEDD and PDD groups
3
SWEDD group is significantly different from Control group but not from PDD group
4
PDD group is significantly different from SWEDD group but not controls
5
Control group is significantly different from PDD group but not SWEDD group