Fig. 4.
C. neoformans (Cn)- and gp41-I90- induced activation of NF-κB/p65 that resulted in up-regulation of CD44 and ICAM-1. (a) HBMEC were treated with either Cn cells (upper, 105 cells/mL) or gp41-I90 (bottom, 1 μg/mL), and harvested at different time points as indicated. Cell pellets were fractionated into cytosol and nuclear fractions, and subjected to the Western blots. Cyto (30 μg) and Nuc (10 μg) per lane were loaded. An anti-NF-κB/p65 mAb was used to probe the phosphorylation site Ser(536) of NF-κB/p65. (b) Expression of CD44 and ICAM-1 were examined (Cn 107 cells/mL or gp41-I90 20 μg/mL, 6 h), respectively, using antibodies against CD44 and ICAM-1. β-Actin was the loading control