Table 1.
Characteristics of 57,110 ICU patients with and without pre-existing atrial fibrillation
| AF, n (%) | No AF, n (%) | Total, n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | 5065 (8.9) | 52,045 (91.1) | 57,110 (100.0) |
| Male | 3162 (62.4) | 28,851 (55.4) | 32,013 (56.1) |
| Age, yr, median (IQR) | 75 (67–81) | 62 (47–73) | 64 (49–75) |
| Age groups | |||
| 15–55 yr | 257 (5.1) | 18,247 (35.1) | 18,504 (32.4) |
| 55–71 yr | 1534 (30.3) | 17,212 (33.1) | 18,746 (32.8) |
| 71–103 yr | 3274 (64.6) | 16,586 (31.9) | 19,860 (34.8) |
| Comorbid conditions | |||
| Prior myocardial infarction | 1056 (20.1) | 5082 (9.8) | 6138 (10.8) |
| Congestive heart failure | 1714 (33.8) | 3213 (6.2) | 4927 (8.6) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 824 (16.3) | 4874 (9.4) | 5698 (10.0) |
| Valvular heart disease | 1215 (24.0) | 3756 (7.2) | 4971 (8.7) |
| Hypertension | 2457 (48.5) | 10,997 (21.1) | 13,454 (23.6) |
| Angina pectoris | 1506 (29.7) | 7690 (14.8) | 9196 (16.1) |
| Chronic ischaemic heart disease | 1724 (34.0) | 6292 (12.1) | 8016 (14.0) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1217 (24.0) | 6386 (12.3) | 7603 (13.3) |
| Hemiplegia | 35 (0.7) | 420 (0.8) | 455 (0.8) |
| Transient cerebral ischaemic attack | 359 (7.1) | 1932 (3.7) | 2291 (4.0) |
| Dementia | 109 (2.2) | 542 (1.0) | 651 (1.1) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1336 (26.4) | 7769 (14.9) | 9105 (16.0) |
| Connective tissue disease | 360 (7.1) | 2294 (4.4) | 2654 (4.7) |
| Moderate to severe liver disease | 43 (0.8) | 614 (1.2) | 657 (1.1) |
| Mild liver disease | 117 (2.3) | 1597 (3.1) | 1714 (3.0) |
| Diabetes | 830 (16.4) | 4748 (9.1) | 5578 (9.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 with end-organ damage | 522 (10.3) | 2673 (5.1) | 3195 (5.6) |
| Moderate to severe renal disease | 518 (10.2) | 2110 (4.1) | 2628 (4.5) |
| Any tumour | 967 (19.1) | 8750 (16.8) | 9717 (17.0) |
| Leukaemia | 27 (0.5) | 330 (0.63) | 357 (0.6) |
| Lymphoma | 90 (1.8) | 651 (1.3) | 741 (1.3) |
| Metastatic solid tumour | 149 (2.9) | 1604 (3.1) | 1753 (3.1) |
| AIDS | 1 (0.0) | 64 (0.1) | 65 (0.1) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | |||
| 0 | 226 (4.5) | 11,608 (22.3) | 11,834 (20.7) |
| 1 | 575 (11.4) | 15,704 (30.2) | 16,279 (28.5) |
| 2+ | 4264 (84.1) | 24,733 (47.5) | 28,997 (50.8) |
| Lifestyle-related diagnoses | |||
| Alcoholism | 221 (4.4) | 3155 (6.1) | 3376 (5.9) |
| Obesity | 491 (9.7) | 2908 (5.6) | 3399 (6.0) |
| Consultations and services at the GPa | |||
| Seasonal influenza vaccination | 2557 (50.1) | 13,510 (26.0) | 16,067 (28.1) |
| Preventive consultation | 305 (6.0) | 2894 (5.6) | 3199 (5.6) |
| Social medicine–related consultation | 646 (12.8) | 3773 (7.3) | 4419 (7.7) |
| Conversational therapy | 70 (1.4) | 1646 (3.2) | 1716 (3.0) |
| Reimbursement for chronic illness | 73 (1.4) | 621 (1.2) | 694 (1.2) |
| Reimbursement for terminal illness | 9 (0.2) | 70 (0.1) | 79 (0.1) |
| Pre-admission cardiovascular drug useb | |||
| Statins | 1716 (33.9) | 11,031 (21.2) | 12,747 (22.3) |
| Aspirin | 1988 (39.3) | 10,708 (20.6) | 12,696 (22.2) |
| Vitamin K antagonists | 2500 (49.4) | 1339 (2.6) | 3839 (6.7) |
| Beta-blockers | 2742 (54.1) | 9254 (17.8) | 11,996 (21.0) |
| Non-dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers | 360 (7.1) | 901 (1.7) | 1261 (2.2) |
| Digoxin | 1668 (33.0) | 779 (1.5) | 2447 (4.3) |
| Amiodarone | 363 (7.2) | 115 (0.2) | 478 (0.8) |
| ICU therapy | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 2114 (41.7) | 18,410 (35.4) | 20,524 (36.0) |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 550 (11.0) | 3772 (7.3) | 4322 (7.6) |
| Renal replacement therapy | 254 (5.0) | 1432 (2.8) | 1686 (3.0) |
| Treatment with inotropes or vasopressors | 2057 (40.6) | 14,987 (28.8) | 17,044 (29.8) |
| Surgery performed 0–7 days before ICU admission | |||
| Any surgical procedure | 3039 (60.0) | 32,160 (61.8) | 35,199 (61.6) |
| Cardiac surgery | 1038 (20.5) | 6669 (12.8) | 7707 (13.5) |
| Vascular surgery | 179 (3.5) | 2764 (5.3) | 2943 (5.2) |
| Abdominal surgery | 899 (17.8) | 9608 (18.5) | 10,507 (18.4) |
| Orthopaedic surgery | 237 (4,7) | 2594 (5.0) | 2831 (5.0) |
| Non-surgical ICU admission | 2026 (40.0) | 19,885 (38.2) | 21,911 (38.4) |
AF atrial fibrillation, IQR interquartile range, GP general practitioner
aWithin 1 year preceding ICU admission
bDefined as reimbursed prescription within 100 days preceding the ICU admission