Table 3.
Mortality at 30 days and 365 days following admission in 57,110 adult ICU patients with and without atrial fibrillation
| AF, % | No AF, % | Crude RRa | Adjusted RRa,b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30-day mortality | ||||
| Overall | 26.8 (25.6–28.0) | 16.0 (15.7–16.4) | 1.67 (1.59–1.76) | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) |
| Age | ||||
| 15–54 yr | 13.6 (10.0–18.5) | 6.1 (5.7–6.4) | 2.25 (1.64–3.08) | 1.73 (1.29–2.32) |
| 55–70 yr | 16.7 (14.9–18.7) | 14.6 (14.1–15.1) | 1.14 (1.02–1.29) | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) |
| 71–105 yr | 32.6 (31.0–34.2) | 28.5 (27.8–29.2) | 1.14 (1.08–1.21) | 1.04 (0.98–1.10) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 30.0 (28.0–32.1) | 16.7 (16.2–17.2) | 1.80 (1.67–1.93) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) |
| Male | 24.9 (23.4–26.4) | 15.5 (15.1–16.0) | 1.60 (1.50–1.71) | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) |
| Prior myocardial infarction | ||||
| Not present | 26.2 (24.9–27.6) | 15.6 (15.3–16.0) | 1.68 (1.59–1.77) | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) |
| Present | 29.1 (26.4–31.9) | 20.0 (18.9–21.1) | 1.46 (1.31–1.63) | 1.06 (0.93–1.19) |
| Congestive heart failure | ||||
| Not present | 24.2 (22.8–25.7) | 15.3 (15.0–15.6) | 1.58 (1.49–1.69) | 1.04 (0.97–1.10) |
| Present | 31.9 (29.7–34.1) | 27.7 (26.2–29.3) | 1.15 (1.05–1.26) | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) |
| Mechanical ventilation | ||||
| No | 24.9 (24.3–25.5) | 11.2 (10.9–11.5) | 2.10 (1.96–2.26) | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) |
| Yes | 31.3 (29.4–33.3) | 23.6 (22.1–25.1) | 1.26 (1.18–1.35) | 1.12 (1.05–1.20) |
| Renal replacement therapy | ||||
| No | 25.9 (24.7–27.1) | 15.3 (15.0–15.6) | 1.69 (1.60–1.78) | 1.04 (0.98–1.09) |
| Yes | 44.1 (38.2–50.4) | 41.7 (39.2–44.3) | 1.06 (0.91–1.23) | 1.04 (0.88–1.22) |
| Treatment with inotropes or vasopressors | ||||
| No | 24.3 (22.8–25.9) | 12.1 (11.7–12.4) | 2.02 (1.88–2.16) | 1.02 (0.94–1.09) |
| Yes | 30.4 (28.5–32.4) | 25.9 (25.2–26.6) | 1.17 (1.09–1.26) | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) |
| Non-invasive ventilation | ||||
| No | 25.2 (24.0–26.5) | 14.7 (14.4–15.0) | 1.72 (1.63–1.81) | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) |
| Yes | 39.6 (35.7–43.9) | 33.3 (31.8–34.8) | 1.19 (1.06–1.33) | 0.98 (0.88–1.10) |
| Surgery performed, any type | ||||
| No | 36.0 (33.9–38.1) | 21.2 (20.6–21.7) | 1.70 (1.59–1.81) | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) |
| Yes | 20.7 (19.3–22.2) | 12.9 (12.5–13.3) | 1.60 (1.49–1.73) | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) |
| Cardiac surgery performed | ||||
| No | 31.9 (30.5–33.3) | 17.5 (17.1–17.8) | 1.82 (1.74–1.92) | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) |
| Yes | 7.1 (5.7–8.9) | 6.3 (5.7–6.9) | 1.13 (0.89–1.44) | 0.80 (0.52–1.23) |
| Abdominal surgery performed | ||||
| No | 26.2 (24.9–27.6) | 15.8 (15.5–16.2) | 1.65 (1.56–1.75) | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) |
| Yes | 29.6 (26.7 -32.7) | 16.7 (16.2–17.7) | 1.75 (1.56–1.95) | 1.02 (0.91 -1.14) |
| Orthopaedic surgery performed | ||||
| No | 26.5 (25.3–27.7) | 16.1 (15.7–16.4) | 1.65 (1.57–1.74) | 1.05 (1.00–1.11) |
| Yes | 33.3 (27.7–39.7) | 15.9 (14.6–17.4) | 2.09 (1.71–2.56) | 1.03 (0.80–1.31) |
| Vascular surgery performed | ||||
| No | 27.2 (25.9–28.4) | 16.4 (16.0–16.7) | 1.66 (1.58–1.75) | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) |
| Yes | 16.8 (12.0–23.1) | 10.4 (9.3–11.6) | 1.61 (1.14–2.28) | 0.64 (0.31–1.33) |
| 365-day mortality | ||||
| Overall | 40.9 (40.0–42.3) | 25.4 (25.0–25.8) | 1.61 (1.55–1.67) | 1.03 (1.00–1.07) |
| Age | ||||
| 15–55 yr | 19.9 (15.5–25.3) | 9.8 (9.4–10.3) | 2.02 (1.57–2.59) | 1.34 (1.06–1.69) |
| 55–71 yr | 28.0 (25.8–30.3) | 24.8 (24.2–25.5) | 1.13 (1.04–1.23) | 1.07 (0.98–1.16) |
| 71–105 yr | 48.6 (46.9–50.4) | 43.1 (42.4–43.9) | 1.13 (1.08–1.17) | 1.03 (1.00–1.07) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 45.6 (43.4–48.9) | 25.9 (25.4–26.5) | 1.76 (1.67–1.86) | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) |
| Male | 38.1 (36.4–39.8) | 25.0 (24.5–25.5) | 1.53 (1.45–1.60) | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) |
| Prior myocardial infarction | ||||
| Not present | 39.9 (38.4–41.5) | 24.8 (24.4–25.2) | 1.61 (1.55–1.68) | 1.02 (0.98–1.07) |
| Present | 44.7 (41.8–47.8) | 31.2 (29.9–32.5) | 1.43 (1.33–1.55) | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) |
| Congestive heart failure | ||||
| Not present | 37.1 (35.5–38.8) | 24.2 (23.8–24.6) | 1.53 (1.46–1.61) | 1.04 (0.99–1.08) |
| Present | 48.4 (46.0––50.7) | 43.8 (42.1–45.6) | 1.10 (1.04–1.18) | 1.04 (0.98–1.10) |
| Mechanical ventilation | ||||
| No | 38.8 (38.1–41.6) | 21.1 (20.6–21.5) | 1.89 (1.80–1.99) | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) |
| Yes | 42.4 (40.4–44.6) | 33.3 (32.6–34.0) | 1.27 (1.21–1.34) | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) |
| Renal replacement therapy | ||||
| No | 39.6 (38.3–41.0) | 24.4 (24.1–24.8) | 1.62 (1.56–1.68) | 1.03 (0.99–1.06) |
| Yes | 63.4 (59.5–71.2) | 59.2 (56.6–61.7) | 1.10 (1.00–1.22) | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) |
| Treatment with inotropes or vasopressors | ||||
| No | 46.6 (39.2–54.6) | 28.7 (26.4–31.2) | 1.62 (1.35–1.95) | 1.00 (0.82–1.21) |
| Yes | 52.3 (45.1–60.0) | 42.9 (40.3–45.6) | 1.22 (1.04–1.43) | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) |
| Non-invasive ventilation | ||||
| No | 47.6 (41.6–54.0) | 32.2 (30.3–34.3) | 1.48 (1.28–1.71) | 0.99 (0.85–1.15) |
| Yes | 55.3 (45.1–66.0) | 48.6 (44.6–52.7) | 1.14 (0.92–1.40) | 0.96 (0.78–1.18) |
| Surgery performed, any type | ||||
| No | 50.1 (47.9–52.3) | 30.6 (30.0–31.3) | 1.64 (1.56–1.72) | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) |
| Yes | 34.8 (33.1–36.5) | 22.2 (21.7–22.6) | 1.57 (1.49–1.66) | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) |
| Cardiac surgery performed | ||||
| No | 47.6 (46.1–49.2) | 27.6 (27.2–28.1) | 1.72 (1.66–1.79) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) |
| Yes | 14.9 (12.9–17.3) | 10.2 (9.5–10.9) | 1.47 (1.25–1.73) | 1.11 (0.88–1.40) |
| Abdominal surgery performed | ||||
| No | 39.7 (38.3–41.2) | 24.7 (24.3–25.1) | 1.61 (1.55–1.68) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) |
| Yes | 46.4 (43.2–49.7) | 28.6 (27.7–29.5) | 1.62 (1.50–1.75) | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) |
| Orthopaedic surgery performed | ||||
| No | 40.3 (38.9–41.7) | 25.5 (25.1–25.9) | 1.58 (1.52–1.64) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) |
| Yes | 54.4 (48.2–60.9) | 24.1 (22.5–25.8) | 2.27 (1.98–2.59) | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) |
| Vascular surgery performed | ||||
| No | 41.2 (39.8–42.6) | 25.8 (25.4–26.2) | 1.60 (1.54–1.66) | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) |
| Yes | 33.0 (26.6–40.4) | 18.0 (16.6–19.5) | 1.83 (1.47–2.29) | 1.18 (0.88 -1.57) |
AF atrial fibrillation, RR relative risk
95 % confidence intervals are given in parentheses
aReference group was non-AF patients within each stratum
bAdjusted for age and sex, comorbidities, and consultations and services provided by the general practitioner