Table 4.

Association of cognitive performance and brain imaging (standardized) after adjusting for standardized coronary calcified plaque and other covariates for the subset with a baseline exam¹

Imaging measure		3MSE2	DSST2	Stroop3	RAVLT2	Phonemic Fluency	Semantic Fluency
TBV23	β Estimate (CI)	4.77 (0.55, 8.99)	10.01 (4.42, 15.59)	−0.16 (−0.50, 0.19)	3.58 (0.34, 6.82)	6.23 (1.56, 10.91)	5.07 (1.95, 8.18)
	p-value	0.027	4.5 x 10−4	0.375	0.030	0.009	0.001
WMLV23	β Estimate (CI)	−0.36 (−1.08, 0.35)	−2.71 (−4.01,−1.40)	0.01 (−0.04, 0.07)	−0.91 (−1.86, 0.05)	−1.07 (−2.33, 0.19)	−1.29 (−2.11,−0.48)
	p-value	0.321	5.1 x 10−5	0.679	0.063	0.096	0.002
GMV2	β Estimate (CI)	2.98 (1.22, 4.74)	2.72 (0.25, 5.18)	−0.03 (−0.16, 0.10)	1.84 (0.14, 3.54)	2.70 (0.48, 4.91)	2.16 (0.69, 3.62)
	p-value	9.3 x 10−4	0.031	0.633	0.034	0.017	0.004
WMV23	β Estimate (CI)	−0.26 (−1.94, 1.42)	2.81 (−0.54, 6.16)	−0.07 (−0.20, 0.06)	0.04 (−2.12, 2.20)	0.85 (−2.29, 3.99)	0.71 (−1.18, 2.61)
	p-value	0.763	0.100	0.317	0.968	0.597	0.461
WMFA2	β Estimate (CI)	0.79 ( 0.10, 1.49)	3.20 (1.76, 4.63)	−0.09 (−0.14,−0.04)	1.09 (0.13, 2.04)	1.44 (−0.01, 2.89)	1.48 (0.61, 2.35)
	p-value	0.026	1.3 x 10−5	9.8 x 10−4	0.026	0.052	8.7 x 10−4
GMCBF23	β Estimate (CI)	−0.66 (−1.30, −0.02)	0.40 (−0.69, 1.50)	−0.04 (−0.09, 0.01)	0.75 (−0.05, 1.55)	0.73 (−0.36, 1.81)	0.47 (−0.39, 1.33)
	p-value	0.043	0.469	0.121	0.065	0.189	0.282

¹All models adjusted for age, gender, educational attainment, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary calcified plaque; TBV, WMLV, GMV, and WMV additionally adjusted for intracranial volume

²3MSE: Modified Mini Mental State Exam; DSST: Digit Symbol Substitution; RAVLT: Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Task; TBV: Total brain volume; WMLV: Total white matter lesion volume; GMV: Gray matter volume; WMV: White matter volume; WMFA: Fractional anisotropy white matter; GMCBF: Gray matter cerebral blood flow

³Stroop, coronary calcified plaque, TBV, WMLV, and WMV are log transformed. GMCBF is squared root transformed.