The mRNA and protein levels of oxygenases HMOX-1 and COX2 in HCECs. (A) The mRNA expression levels of HMOX-1 and COX2 in HCECs exposed to normal or hyperosmolar media for 4 hours without or with prior L-carnitine (20 mM) incubation, as evaluated by RT-qPCR. (B) Protein levels of HMOX-1 and COX2 in HCECs exposed to normal or hyperosmolar media for 24 hours without or with prior L-carnitine (20 mM) incubation, as evaluated by immunofluorescence. (C, D) Protein production of HMOX-1 and COX2 in HCECs with same treatment as in (B) by Western blotting. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared with 312 mOsM; ∧P < 0.05, ∧∧P < 0.01, as compared with 450 mOsM.