Figure 2.

The expressions of PPARδ and p-AMPK in spinal cord of rats with SCI after treatment with metformin, telmisartan and/or GSK0660.

Notes: The rats with SCI were treated with metformin (320 mg/kg), telmisartan (5 mg/kg) and/or GSK0660 (0.1 mg/kg) intravenously once daily for 28 days. Expressions of PPARδ (A) and p-AMPK (B) were identified using Western blotting analysis. Protein expression was normalized against that of β-actin used as a loading control. Data represent the mean ± SEM of six animals. ***P<0.001 compared with the vehicle-treated SCI rats.

Abbreviations: AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; GSK, glycogen synthase kinase; p-AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK; PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; SCI, spinal cord injury; SEM, standard error of mean.