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. 2015 Aug 14;9:4709–4717. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S86616

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© 2015 Lin et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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The expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE in spinal cord from rats with SCI after treatment with metformin, telmisartan and/or GSK0660.

Notes: The rats with SCI were treated with metformin (320 mg/kg), telmisartan (5 mg/kg) and/or GSK0660 (0.1 mg/kg) intravenously once daily for 28 days. Expressions of (A) HMGB1 and (B) RAGE were identified using Western blotting analysis. Protein expression was normalized against that of β-actin used as a loading control. Data represent the mean ± SEM of six animals. **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 compared with the vehicle-treated SCI rats.

Abbreviations: GSK, glycogen synthase kinase; HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1 protein; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts; SCI, spinal cord injury; SEM, standard error of mean.