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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 May 2;39(6):1075–1082. doi: 10.1111/acer.12731

Table 2. Means, Standard Deviations, and t-Values for Males and Females.

Mean (SD)

Variable (range) Overall Males Females t
RWDD (0to 25) 1.94 (3.64) 1.88 (3.43) 1.99 (3.82) −0.30
Intention (−3 to+3) −1.11 (0.82) −0.96 (0.86) −1.24 (0.76) 3.71***
Willingness (−3 to +3) −1.08 (0.83) −0.94 (0.87) −1.20 (0.77) 3.37***
Pos. expectancies (−2 to 2) −0.25 (1.00) −0.13 (0.99) −0.37 (0.99) 2.70**
Neg. attitudes (−20 to 20) 12.82 (7.05) 10.83 (7.63) 14.76 (5.81) −6.52***
Parental descriptive norms (0 to 50) 7.22 (10.86) 6.72 (10.38) 7.81 (11.36) −1.13
Peer descriptive norms (0 to 50) 10.84 (12.21) 10.84 (12.41) 10.77 (11.82) 0.07
Parental injunctive norms (−2 to +2) −1.77 (0.55) −1.73 (0.58) −1.80 (0.53) 1.46
Peer injunctive norms (−2 to +2) −1.27 (0.74) −1.18 (0.72) −1.35 (0.75) 2.65**

RWDD, riding with drinking drivers.

**

p < 0.01,

***

p < 0.001.