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. 2015 Aug 18;267(1):228–245. doi: 10.1111/imr.12313

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© 2015 The Authors. Immunological Reviews Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Killer immunoglobulin receptor ( KIR ) gene products in humans. KIR molecules span the membrane. The inhibiting molecules (L) have ITIM structures in common, whereas the potential activating structures (S) need to transfer their signaling via adapter molecules that possess ITAM structures. Although KIR2DL4 pairs with an adapter molecule, it is often portrayed as an inhibitory receptor due to its ITIM structure. ITAM, immune receptor tyrosine‐based activation motifs; ITIM, immune receptor tyrosine‐based inhibitory motifs.