Table 3.
Long-Term Changes in Quality of Life, Self-Management Abilities, and Health Behavior
| T0 | T1 | T1–T0 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | Pa | n | |
| Mental quality of life (SF-36) | 49.77 | (9.72) | 48.63 | (9.64) | −1.14 | (8.73) | <.001 | 1117 |
| Physical quality of life (SF-36) | 42.42 | (10.24) | 44.02 | (8.88) | 1.60 | (7.10) | <.001 | 1117 |
| Self-efficacy (SMAS-S) | 4.44 | (.87) | 4.14 | (.86) | −.30 | (.78) | <.001 | 1174 |
| Investment behavior (SMAS-S) | 4.47 | (.90) | 4.36 | (.97) | −.11 | (.88) | <.001 | 1177 |
| Taking initiative (SMAS-S) | 4.28 | (.94) | 4.01 | (.86) | −.27 | (.84) | <.001 | 1176 |
| Physical activity | 4.93 | (2.08) | 5.61 | (1.79) | .68 | (2.18) | <.001 | 900 |
| % | % | Pb | n | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current smokers | 23.7 | 18.6 | <.001 | 1140 |
a
Paired t test, T0 vs. T1.
b
Chi-square test, T0 vs. T1.
T0, 2010; T1, 2012; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; SF-36, Short Form 36 Health Survey; SMAS-S, Self-Management Ability Scale–Short version.