Table 5.

Predictors of Mental Quality of Life at T1, as Assessed by Multilevel Regression Analyses (Random Intercepts Model, n=810)

	β	SE	B	SE
Constant	48.07***	.26	9.74***	2.67
Mental quality of life (SF-36) (T0)	5.18***	.31	.52***	.03
Age (T0)	.19	.30	.02	.03
Marital status (single) (T0)	.25	.29	.55	.63
Low educational level (T0)	−.21	.28	−.42	.56
Sex (female) (T0)	−.73**	.28	−1.45**	.55
Physical activity (T0)	.91*	.37	.42*	.17
Change in physical activity (T1–T0)	.42	.35	.19	.16
Percentage of current smokers (T0)	−.16	.31	−.37	.70
Change in percentage of current smokers (T1–T0)	.09	.30	.29	1.00
Self-efficacy (SMAS-S) (T0)	1.49**	.52	1.65**	.58
Change in self-efficacy (SMAS-S) (T1–T0)	1.69***	.37	2.15***	.47
Investment behavior (SMAS-S) (T0)	1.22*	.52	1.30*	.56
Change in investment behavior (SMAS-S) (T1–T0)	1.91***	.41	2.19***	.47
Taking initiative (SMAS-S) (T0)	−.38	.58	−.39	.60
Change in taking initiative (SMAS-S) (T1–T0)	.57	.43	.68	.52

^***P≤0.001, ^**P≤0.01, ^*P≤0.05 (2-tailed).

Multilevel analyses included only respondents who filled in questionnaires at both T0 and T1. Listwise deletion of missing cases resulted in the inclusion of 810 cases in multilevel regression analyses.

SE, standard error; SF-36, Short Form 36 Health Survey; T0, 2010; T1, 2012; SMAS-S, Self-Management Ability Scale–Short version.