Table 4.
Odds of Labor Induction or Cesarean Delivery by Perceived Pressure from Health Care Provider
| Labor Induction | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 2,400) | Nondefinitive Indication (n = 1,966) | |||||
| aOR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||
| Perceived pressure | ||||||
| No pressure | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Pressure for induction | 3.51*** | (2.49, 4.95) | 2.13** | (1.34, 3.38) | ||
| Cesarean Delivery | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 2,400) | Nondefinitive Indication (n = 2,175) | Unplanned (n = 2,039) | ||||
| aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | |
| Perceived pressure | ||||||
| No pressure | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Pressure for cesarean | 5.17*** | (3.19, 8.39) | 6.13*** | (3.38, 11.10) | 6.70*** | (3.97, 11.32) |
Note All models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, place of birth, marital status, education, insurance type, Census region, parity, pregnancy intention, belief in birth as a natural process, delivery provider type, and timing of meeting delivery provider.
***
p < .001
**
p < .01.