Table 3.
Appropriate Use Regressions: Parameter Estimates and Acquisition Marginal Effects
| ACS|Admission | Future Readmit|Admission | ED Appropriate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | p-value | Estimate | p-value | Estimate | p-value | |
| Parameter estimates | ||||||
| Acquisition effect | ||||||
| Acq1A | −0.0096 | .8740 | −0.1143 | .1120 | 0.0163 | .7240 |
| Acq1B | −0.0212 | .8480 | 0.0207 | .8530 | 0.1192 | .0840 |
| Acq2 | 0.2054 | .0040 | 0.0534 | .4730 | 0.1286 | .0080 |
| Age | ||||||
| Age 18–22 | Omitted | Omitted | Omitted | |||
| Age 23–30 | −0.0475 | .2350 | −0.1080 | .0030 | 0.0717 | .0000 |
| Age 30–45 | 0.1942 | .0000 | 0.0732 | .0260 | 0.2170 | .0000 |
| Age 45–60 | 0.3872 | .0000 | 0.1196 | .0000 | 0.3128 | .0000 |
| Age 60+ | 0.5742 | .0000 | −0.1448 | .0000 | 0.3059 | .0000 |
| Female | −0.1336 | .0000 | −0.2218 | .0000 | −0.0200 | .0920 |
| Prior-year health status | ||||||
| No valid diagnosis | 0.1367 | .0010 | 0.1544 | .0000 | 0.0344 | .2000 |
| Healthy user | Omitted | Omitted | Omitted | |||
| Low risk | 0.0252 | .5100 | 0.0821 | .0420 | −0.0234 | .3620 |
| Moderate risk | 0.0168 | .5700 | 0.0899 | .0050 | 0.0686 | .0000 |
| High risk | 0.1084 | .0010 | 0.2068 | .0000 | 0.1531 | .0000 |
| Very high risk | 0.4275 | .0000 | 0.4907 | .0000 | 0.3094 | .0000 |
| Neighborhood effects | ||||||
| % White, non-Hispanic | 0.0001 | .9450 | 0.0009 | .2940 | −0.0003 | .5220 |
| % High school only | −0.0046 | .0390 | −0.0043 | .0600 | 0.0047 | .0020 |
| % Bachelors or higher | −0.0049 | .0110 | −0.0038 | .0480 | 0.0049 | .0000 |
| % Income below FPL | 0.0007 | .5780 | 0.0017 | .1850 | −0.0014 | .0850 |
| % Speaking English only | 0.0024 | .0520 | 0.0029 | .0320 | −0.0024 | .0030 |
| Product | ||||||
| Broad PPO | Omitted | Omitted | Omitted | |||
| Narrow network | −0.0433 | .0550 | −0.1038 | .0000 | 0.0762 | .0000 |
| Medicaid | 0.1382 | .0000 | −0.0387 | .0580 | 0.0040 | .7520 |
| Attributed system | ||||||
| Acq 1A | 0.0225 | .6370 | 0.0100 | .8660 | −0.0589 | .1140 |
| Acq 1B | 0.1480 | .0690 | −0.0889 | .2950 | −0.1978 | .0000 |
| Acq 2 | 0.0387 | .4890 | −0.0359 | .5260 | −0.0685 | .0960 |
| IDS 1 | Omitted | Omitted | Omitted | |||
| IDS 2 | 0.0144 | .5350 | −0.0951 | .0000 | −0.2142 | .0000 |
| IDS 3 | 0.0392 | .0780 | −0.0313 | .1780 | −0.0915 | .0000 |
| IDS 4 | 0.0284 | .2860 | 0.0408 | .1440 | 0.0222 | .2670 |
| IDS 5 | 0.0595 | .1320 | 0.0026 | .9430 | −0.1777 | .0000 |
| PC 1 | −0.0233 | .6350 | −0.0308 | .5720 | −0.1200 | .0010 |
| PC 2 | −0.2076 | .0130 | −0.2818 | .0060 | −0.1886 | .0020 |
| MS 1 | 0.1579 | .0000 | −0.0122 | .7220 | −0.2481 | .0000 |
| MS 2 | 0.0254 | .6940 | −0.1492 | .0190 | −0.1207 | .0080 |
| Calendar year | ||||||
| 2006 | Omitted | Omitted | Omitted | |||
| 2007 | 0.0098 | .6400 | −0.0258 | .2830 | −0.0196 | .2050 |
| 2008 | 0.0130 | .6120 | 0.0078 | .7800 | −0.0847 | .0000 |
| 2009 | −0.0305 | .1810 | 0.0272 | .2650 | 0.0224 | .1740 |
| 2010 | −0.0473 | .0440 | 0.0053 | .8340 | 0.0680 | .0000 |
| 2011 | −0.0643 | .0060 | 0.0127 | .6160 | 0.0620 | .0000 |
| Constant | −1.4164 | .0000 | −1.3667 | .0000 | 0.8114 | .0000 |
| Acquisition marginal effects | ||||||
| Acq1A | −0.0017 | .8730 | −0.0163 | .0870 | 0.0031 | .7220 |
| Acq1B | −0.0036 | .8460 | 0.0032 | .8550 | 0.0212 | .0630 |
| Acq2 | 0.0401 | .0090 | 0.0085 | .4870 | 0.0227 | .0040 |
| N | 85,286 | 89,180 | 177,196 | |||
| Avg indicator | 0.1063 | 0.0865 | 0.8859 | |||