Table 5.
Standardized (Zero-Summed) Utility Value Descriptives for MIN, Individual PT, and Group PT Segments
| Segment
|
F | Dunnett’s C | g | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attribute | MIN (n = 97) | IPT (n = 260) | GPT (n = 86) | ||||||
|
|
|||||||||
| Content of attribute level | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | |||
| Process Attributes | |||||||||
| Group and phone support | |||||||||
| Is used by me alone | 81.0 | (51.5) | 18.1 | (47.1) | −48.6 | (22.2) | 193.60*** | M > I > G | 1.41 |
| Includes weekly meetings with other parents | −29.9 | (31.0) | −24.1 | (30.9) | 23.2 | (26.9) | 92.27*** | G > I > M | −0.19 |
| Includes weekly calls from a therapist | −14.8 | (34.3) | 5.9 | (34.6) | −4.0 | (24.4) | 14.67*** | G > I, M | −0.63 |
| Includes weekly calls from a therapist + meetings with other parents | −36.4 | (38.2) | 0.1 | (34.0) | 29.4 | (28.8) | 86.46*** | G > I > M | −1.07 |
| Modality of information | |||||||||
| Is on an audio tape or CD | −59.9 | (23.6) | −34.3 | (27.0) | −21.5 | (25.2) | 54.11*** | G > I > M | −0.98 |
| Is on a video or DVD | −37.4 | (34.4) | −10.7 | (33.6) | 12.4 | (31.8) | 51.21*** | G > I > M | −0.80 |
| Is at an internet site | 33.0 | (42.8) | 13.6 | (36.7) | 0.2 | (31.0) | 18.40*** | M > I > G | 0.52 |
| Is in a pamphlet or book | 64.3 | (33.5) | 31.5 | (35.0) | 8.9 | (29.3) | 64.05*** | M > I > G | 0.97 |
| Pull vs. push information | |||||||||
| Is given only if I ask | 28.3 | (28.8) | −4.3 | (28.1) | −21.1 | (23.2) | 80.53*** | M >I > G | 1.19 |
| Is up to me to get | 40.7 | (35.8) | −0.1 | (31.8) | −17.0 | (24.5) | 86.58*** | M >I > G | 1.29 |
| Is given if my therapist thinks it would be helpful | −6.7 | (31.0) | 13.2 | (29.8) | 13.7 | (23.0) | 18.14*** | I, G > M | −0.69 |
| Is automatically given to all parents | −62.2 | (40.0) | −8.8 | (40.4) | 24.5 | (36.5) | 114.73*** | G >I > M | −1.35 |
| Group size | |||||||||
| Is given in a group of 50 parents | −39.5 | (25.0) | −44.7 | (19.8) | −30.0 | (21.6) | 15.42*** | G > I, M | 0.24 |
| Is given in a group of 20 parents | −29.6 | (21.7) | −23.6 | (20.5) | 2.9 | (16.9) | 71.15*** | G > I, M | −0.30 |
| Is given in a group of 10 parents | −2.7 | (21.5) | 8.4 | (18.4) | 22.3 | (16.8) | 40.23*** | G > I > M | −0.59 |
| Is given to me alone | 71.8 | (37.8) | 59.8 | (34.4) | 4.8 | (21.8) | 111.76*** | M > I > G | 0.36 |
| Location of information | |||||||||
| Is at public libraries | −25.3 | (37.2) | −31.0 | (30.3) | −29.4 | (29.7) | 1.11*** | NS | 0.18 |
| Is at schools | −29.9 | (38.9) | −18.5 | (36.8) | −0.4 | (36.8) | 14.45*** | G > I > M | −0.30 |
| Is at CMH clinics or hospitals | 33.9 | (37.6) | 29.1 | (35.6) | 17.7 | (36.1) | 4.96** | M, I > G | 0.13 |
| Is at doctor’s offices | 21.3 | (35.0) | 20.3 | (27.7) | 12.1 | (21.3) | 3.12* | M, I > G | 0.04 |
| Passive vs. Active Learning Materials | |||||||||
| Does not include review questions/skill-building practice | 34.0 | (36.8) | −42.3 | (31.0) | −62.6 | (22.5) | 275.10*** | M > I > G | 2.46 |
| Includes review questions I answer so I understand | −16.5 | (20.9) | −3.4 | (21.5) | −3.7 | (16.3) | 15.32*** | I, G > M | −0.64 |
| Includes practice with my child to improve my skills | 0.2 | (24.0) | 17.4 | (20.8) | 26.5 | (17.4) | 38.85*** | G > I > M | −0.82 |
| Includes review questions I answer so I understand and practice with my child | −17.7 | (24.5) | 28.3 | (23.0) | 39.8 | (18.0) | 187.11*** | G > I > M | −2.06 |
| Timing of Information | |||||||||
| Is available after treatment is completed | −28.8 | (27.3) | −50.5 | (20.3) | −39.8 | (18.0) | 37.25*** | M > G > I | 1.00 |
| Is available when I am facing a crisis | 9.4 | (37.8) | 0.0 | (30.3) | −1.3 | (26.2) | 3.76* | NS | 0.30 |
| Is available when my child is being assessed or treated | 12.9 | (28.7) | 27.8 | (23.3) | 18.3 | (22.8) | 14.75*** | I > M, G | −0.61 |
| Is available while my child is waiting for treatment | 6.5 | (23.2) | 22.7 | (20.4) | 22.8 | (17.2) | 23.83*** | I, G > M | −0.79 |
| Recommendation | |||||||||
| Does not have a recommendation | 14.2 | (32.9) | −35.6 | (25.6) | −44.5 | (23.5) | 144.38*** | M > I > G | 1.84 |
| Is recommended by parents of a child like mine | −12.2 | (35.0) | −2.7 | (31.4) | 13.9 | (25.6) | 16.36*** | G > I, M | −0.30 |
| Is recommended by a national professional organization | −5.1 | (22.9) | 6.3 | (21.1) | 9.6 | (18.1) | 13.55*** | I, G > M | −0.54 |
| Is recommended by my child’s therapist or doctor | 3.1 | (32.4) | 32.0 | (27.1) | 21.1 | (23.8) | 38.87*** | I > G > M | −1.04 |
| Content selection process | |||||||||
| Is what my therapist thinks I should know | −14.4 | (31.3) | −22.7 | (26.5) | −25.7 | (24.1) | 4.57** | M > G | 0.30 |
| Is what experts think all parents should know | −2.1 | (23.8) | −7.8 | (22.4) | −2.9 | (20.3) | 3.09* | NS | 0.26 |
| Is what experts think parents with children like mine should know | 20.1 | (23.2) | 19.4 | (19.5) | 12.7 | (16.8) | 4.33** | M, I > G | 0.04 |
| Is what I want to know | −3.6 | (30.2) | 11.0 | (26.3) | 16.0 | (22.5) | 14.78*** | I, G > M | −0.55 |
| Time demand to acquire and use | |||||||||
| Takes 30 minutes to get, read, view | 8.6 | (22.7) | 14.8 | (20.5) | 14.3 | (18.0) | 3.38* | NS | −0.30 |
| Takes 1 hour to get, read, view | −0.7 | (23.7) | 17.3 | (20.0) | 13.3 | (19.5) | 26.87*** | I, G > M | −0.87 |
| Takes 5 hours to get, read, view | 5.8 | (26.8) | −8.6 | (28.7) | −9.2 | (20.9) | 11.08*** | M > I, G | 0.53 |
| Takes 10 hours to get, read, view | −13.7 | (26.2) | −23.6 | (22.1) | −18.4 | (20.9) | 7.09*** | M > I | 0.43 |
| Content Attributes | |||||||||
| Emotional problems | |||||||||
| Does not help with my child’s emotional problems | 50.7 | (47.7) | −81.0 | (41.8) | −101.7 | (33.5) | 415.15*** | M > I > G | 3.15 |
| Helps me understand my child’s emotional problems | 7.6 | (28.0) | 28.8 | (20.6) | 28.1 | (16.8) | 35.47*** | I, G > M | −0.97 |
| Tells me about ways to solve my child’s emotional problems | −21.5 | (21.9) | 24.3 | (23.2) | 29.0 | (22.5) | 162.59*** | I, G > M | −2.01 |
| Helps me solve, step-by-step, my child’s emotional problems | −36.8 | (25.5) | 27.9 | (26.3) | 44.7 | (21.2) | 296.30*** | G > I > M | −2.56 |
| Behavior problems | |||||||||
| Does not help with my child’s behavior problems | 29.5 | (44.4) | −73.7 | (34.4) | −101.8 | (27.6) | 381.61*** | M > I > G | 2.89 |
| Helps me understand my child’s behavioral problems | 15.4 | (27.2) | 29.8 | (22.2) | 31.5 | (21.1) | 15.94*** | I, G > M | −0.63 |
| Tells me about ways to solve my child’s behavioral problems | 1.7 | (22.5) | 21.5 | (20.8) | 26.4 | (20.1) | 39.40*** | I, G > M | −0.94 |
| Helps me solve, step-by-step, my child’s behavioral problems | −46.6 | (26.2) | 22.3 | (28.0) | 43.9 | (22.7) | 315.76*** | G > I > M | −2.58 |
| Information of epidemiology | |||||||||
| Doesn’t tell me about cause, what’s normal, or what to expect as my child gets older | 49.7 | (39.2) | −52.7 | (35.9) | −57.9 | (30.5) | 320.08*** | M > I, G | 2.86 |
| Tells me the cause of my child’s problems | −32.1 | (27.8) | 11.1 | (30.4) | 20.8 | (26.3) | 96.48*** | G > I > M | −1.48 |
| Tells me what’s normal for my child’s age | 7.9 | (21.1) | 24.3 | (23.1) | 17.3 | (17.6) | 20.57*** | G > I > M | −0.75 |
| Tells me what to expect as my child gets older | −25.4 | (28.2) | 17.3 | (27.4) | 19.8 | (24.0) | 98.54*** | I, G > M | −1.58 |
| Advocacy | |||||||||
| Does not help me advocate for my child | 38.0 | (40.2) | −50.3 | (32.2) | −66.2 | (32.5) | 283.59*** | G > I > M | 2.58 |
| Tells me about my rights as a parent | −23.5 | (27.6) | −3.4 | (24.6) | −2.1 | (24.5) | 24.81*** | I, G > M | −0.79 |
| Tells me about my child’s rights | −13.3 | (21.9) | 8.8 | (17.6) | 14.1 | (14.8) | 65.61*** | G > I > M | −1.21 |
| Tells me what I can say and do to advocate for my child | −1.1 | (27.8) | 45.0 | (23.9) | 54.2 | (16.7) | 164.19*** | G > I > M | −1.95 |
| Medication information | |||||||||
| Does not tell me about medication | 8.4 | (45.0) | −37.0 | (38.9) | −42.9 | (33.2) | 54.65*** | I, G > M | 1.15 |
| Tells me about general information about medications for children | 25.9 | (23.0) | 11.1 | (21.3) | 1.6 | (17.1) | 32.04*** | G > I > M | 0.70 |
| Tells me about specific medications for my child | −19.4 | (27.1) | 4.2 | (27.6) | 9.8 | (25.2) | 33.60*** | I, G > M | −0.87 |
| Helps me think step-by-step about medications for my child | −14.9 | (26.8) | 21.7 | (27.6) | 31.6 | (24.5) | 84.46*** | G > I > M | −1.36 |
| Specificity/relevance | |||||||||
| Is for all parents | 11.8 | (32.0) | −14.1 | (24.8) | −3.8 | (21.1) | 35.77*** | M > I > G | 1.00 |
| Is for parents of children with any kind of mental health problem | 25.4 | (23.8) | 0.8 | (23.1) | 0.5 | (20.8) | 44.41*** | M > I, G | 1.08 |
| Is for parents of children like my child | −8.0 | (25.0) | 0.4 | (24.1) | 0.4 | (23.0) | 4.63** | I > M | −0.35 |
| Is specific to my child and family | −29.2 | (31.9) | 12.9 | (30.4) | 2.9 | (26.4) | 69.23*** | G > I > M | −1.40 |
| Supporting evidence base | |||||||||
| Is based only on opinions | −24.2 | (34.0) | −58.7 | (27.0) | −61.7 | (22.9) | 60.59*** | M > I, G | 1.23 |
| Is based mostly on opinions plus some research | 12.3 | (19.6) | 3.7 | (18.5) | 1.9 | (16.1) | 9.50*** | M > I, G | 0.47 |
| Is based mostly on research plus some opinions | 22.4 | (26.5) | 43.9 | (20.6) | 45.1 | (17.9) | 38.86*** | I, G > M | −1.00 |
| Is based entirely on research | −10.5 | (26.4) | 11.1 | (29.5) | 14.7 | (21.1) | 25.98*** | I, G > M | −0.79 |
| Outcome Attributes | |||||||||
| Effect on stress, anxiety, and guilt | |||||||||
| Increases my stress, anxiety, or guilt | −4.3 | (46.4) | −58.8 | (35.9) | −64.6 | (27.0) | 87.25*** | M > I > G | 1.47 |
| Does not change my stress, anxiety, guilt | 49.5 | (30.2) | 1.2 | (28.8) | −17.6 | (20.2) | 153.83*** | M > I > G | 1.74 |
| Reduces my stress, anxiety, guilt a little | −3.5 | (25.1) | 28.3 | (20.9) | 28.2 | (14.1) | 88.47*** | I, G > M | −1.53 |
| Reduces my stress, anxiety, guilt a lot | −41.6 | (39.6) | 29.3 | (39.2) | 54.0 | (29.8) | 172.22*** | G > I > M | −1.88 |
| Effect on feeling informed | |||||||||
| Makes me feel confused | −3.5 | (48.3) | −69.8 | (31.9) | −68.6 | (29.8) | 128.94*** | M > I, G | 1.85 |
| Does not change how informed I feel | 27.2 | (31.2) | −25.4 | (26.7) | −38.8 | (20.4) | 174.64*** | M > I > G | 1.97 |
| Helps me feel more informed | −0.5 | (33.2) | 47.4 | (23.2) | 49.0 | (19.9) | 139.34*** | I, G > M | −1.90 |
| Helps me feel much more informed | −23.2 | (33.3) | 47.8 | (26.4) | 58.5 | (22.9) | 276.75*** | G > I > M | −2.58 |
| Effect on confidence and hopefulness | |||||||||
| Makes me feel less confident or less hopeful | −2.9 | (37.6) | −66.2 | (25.3) | −71.9 | (24.6) | 199.36*** | M > I, G | 2.23 |
| Does not change how confident/hopeful I feel | 36.9 | (26.4) | −15.1 | (26.6) | −30.5 | (18.2) | 198.41*** | M > I > G | 2.06 |
| Helps me feel more confident or hopeful | −1.6 | (27.1) | 42.7 | (22.0) | 47.6 | (17.5) | 156.85*** | I, G > M | −1.97 |
| Helps me feel much more confident or hopeful | −32.4 | (32.2) | 38.6 | (26.8) | 54.8 | (21.8) | 299.87*** | G > I > M | −2.61 |
Note. Means, standard deviations, and F-values from analysis of variance (ANOVA). Within segments, the highest utility value for each attribute is bolded. When significant results were obtained, Dunnett’s C comparisons were computed MIN = Minimal Information; IPT = Individual PT; GPT = Group PT; M = Minimal Information; I=Individual parent training; G=Group parent training. For g, .2 < g < .5 indicates a small effect, while .5 < g < .8 indicates a moderate effect and .8 < g < 1.0 indicates a large effect.
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001.