Table 1.

Associations between clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival in the training cohort

Variables	n	%	5-year OS	P	HR	(95% CI)
Age, years				0.050
≤65	85	26	63%		ref.
>65	246	74	56%		1.44	(1.00 – 2.07)
Sex				0.066
Female	134	40	65%		ref.
Male	197	60	53%		1.32	(0.98 – 1.78)
Smoking pack-year				0.004
≤90	268	81	62%		ref.
>90	63	19	41%		1.64	(1.17 – 2.31)
Surgery				0.15
Lobectomy	278	84	59%		ref.
Limited resection	53	16	52%		1.32	(0.91 – 1.93)
Adjuvant therapy				0.90
No	273	82	58%		ref.
Yes	58	18	58%		1.03	(0.69 – 1.54)
T classification				< 0.001
T1	146	44	67%		ref.
T2	142	43	54%		1.26	(0.92 – 1.72)
T3+4	43	13	39%		2.23	(1.45 – 3.43)
N classification				0.020
N0	239	72	61%		ref.
N1	58	18	51%		1.38	(0.95 – 2.00)
N2	34	10	45%		1.76	(1.12 – 2.74)
Pathologic stage				< 0.001
Stage I	190	57	65%		ref.
Stage II	93	28	52%		1.43	(1.03 – 1.98)
Stage III	48	15	39%		2.30	(1.55 – 3.43)
Pleural invasion				0.010
Absent (PLO)	280	85	60%		ref.
Present (PL123)	51	15	45%		1.49	(1.09 – 2.05)
Lymphovascular invasion				0.013
Absent	104	31	69%		ref.
Present	227	69	52%		1.62	(1.12 – 2.33)

Significant P-values are shown in bold.

OS, overall survival; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval