Table 2. Effect of population and treatment on the measured biomarkers as established by two-way ANOVA.

Values represent P and its significance at 95% confidence level.

Biomarker	Population	Treatment	Interaction
Pro	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
TSS	0.0001	0.0000	0.0474
TP	0.00000	0.0000	0.0053
Fv	0.0001	0.0000	0.0015
Caro	0.0000	0.0000	0.0055
Chl a	0.0000	0.0000	0.0020
Chl b	0.0001	0.0000	0.1425
WC	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
Na r	0.0666	0.0000	0.6666
Na n	0.0000	0.0000	0.0033
K r	0.0206	0.0000	0.4847
K n	0.0213	0.0000	0.0504

Abbreviations: proline (Pro), total sugars (TSS), total phenolics (TP), antioxidant flavonoids (Fv), carotenoids (Caro), chlorophyll a and b (Chl a and Chl b), water content (WC%), sodium in roots and needles (Na_r and Na_n), potassium in roots and needles (K_r and K_n).