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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 20.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2015 Aug 12;524(7565):330–334. doi: 10.1038/nature14875

Figure 1. Modulating oxidation states of nickel enables challenging carbon–heteroatom coupling.

Figure 1

Palladium(II) catalyzed C–O reductive elimination is an exothermic process and well precedented. Nickel(II) C–O reductive elimination is thermodynamically disfavored – we postulated that accessing Ni(III) by photoredox-mediated oxidation state manipulation could switch on C–O coupling in a general fashion, circumventing this thermodynamic restriction.