TABLE 2.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Anti-SSA/Ro-Exposed Cardiac NL and Unaffected Cases
| Characteristic | Available Cord Blood
|
Available Maternal Blood During Pregnancy
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiac NL (n = 59) | Unaffected (n = 75) | p Value | Cardiac NL (n = 54) | Unaffected (n = 76) | p Value | |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal caucasian race | 44 (75%) | 48/73 (66%) | 0.34 | 40 (70%) | 55 (72%) | 1.00 |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal diagnosis | ||||||
| Asymptomatic/UAS | 30 (51%) | 29 (39%) | 24 (44%) | 34 (45%) | 1.00* | |
| SS | 19 (32%) | 24 (32%) | 0.17* | 19 (35%) | 21 (28%) | |
| SLE | 3 (5%) | 7 (9%) | 4 (7%) | 6 (8%) | ||
| SLE and SS | 6 (10%) | 12 (16%) | 6 (11%) | 15 (20%) | ||
| Unknown | 1 (2%) | 3 (4%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Maternal anti-SSB/La+ | 32/56 (57%) | 29/49 (59%) | 0.85 | 30/51 (59%) | 33/53 (62%) | 0.84 |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal medications during pregnancy | ||||||
| Fluorinated steroids | 39/58 (67%) | 6/67 (9%) | <0.001 | 38/53 (72%) | 5/72 (7%) | <0.001 |
| Nonfluorinated steroids | 5/58 (9%) | 11/67 (16%) | 0.28 | 4/53 (8%) | 10/71 (14%) | 0.39 |
| IVIg | 6/58 (10%) | 17 (23%) | 0.07 | 3/53 (6%) | 21/76 (28%) | 0.02 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 5/57 (9%) | 26/67 (39%) | <0.001 | 8/53 (15%) | 37/71 (52%) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||
| Child female sex | 34/58 (59%) | 35/73 (48%) | 0.29 | 30/52 (58%) | 29/68 (43%) | 0.14 |
| GA 20 weeks during winter | 13 (22%) | 21/70 (30%) | 0.32 | 12 (22%) | 18/70 (26%) | 0.68 |
| Mean ± SD GA (weeks) at time of birth | 36.7 ± 2.1 | 38.3 ± 1.7 | <0.001 | 36.5 ± 3.0 | 38.4 ± 1.78 | <0.001 |
| Fetal echo EFE | 11/53 (21%) | 13/48 (27%) | ||||
| Fetal echo DCM | 4/50 (8%) | 3/47 (6%) | ||||
| Fetal echo hydrops | 6/51 (12%) | 6/47 (13%) | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Pacemaker requirement | 38/54 (70%) | 32/48 (67%) | ||||
| Number of weeks after birth of pacemaker | 0.43 (0.14–1.29) | 0.57 (0–1.36) | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Receiving cardiac meds at follow-up | 7/44 (16%) | 4/40 (10%) | ||||
| Average age (yrs) at follow-up (mean ± SD) | 6.0 ± 5.3 | 4.1 ± 3.8 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Child death | 1 (2%) | 4 (7%) | ||||
Values are n (%), n/N (%), median (interquartile range), or mean ± SD.
*
Comparison of asymptomatic/UAS and all other maternal diagnoses combined in known cases.
Cardiac meds = use of beta-blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, or digoxin; DCM = dilated cardiomyopathy; echo = echocardiography; EFE = endocardial fibroelastosis; GA = gestational age; IVIg = intravenous immunoglobulin; IQR = interquartile range; NL = neonatal lupus; SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus; SS = Sjögren’s syndrome; UAS = undifferentiated autoimmune syndrome.