Table 3. Eye movement variable averages for young and older children and adults from Rayner’s [5] and Blythe et al.’s [4] study and eye movement variable averages for bilingual L1/ L2 and monolingual reading.
Differences between the means are reported in the last two columns [percentage] in each section.
| Rayner [5] | Blythe et al. [4] | Our data | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | 7–8 year olds | 11–12 year olds | adults | young children—adults | older children-adults | 7–9 year | 10–11 year | adults | young children-adults | older children-adults | monolingual | bilingual L1 | bilingual L2 | mono-L1 | L2—L1 | |
| Sentence Reading Time (ms) | - | - | - | - | - | 5473 | 4666 | 2965 | 2508 (84.6%) | 1701 (57.4%) | 1279.34 [1030.49] | 1254.41 [1073.06] | 1522.98 [1293.51] | 24.93 (1.9%) | 268.6 (17.6%) *** | |
| Fixation Count per sentence | 15 | 8 | 6 | 9 (150%) | 2 (33.3%) | 16.8 | 15.6 | 10.3 | 6.5 (63.1%) | 5.3 (51.5%) | 5.63 [4.59] | 5.59 [4.83] | 6.75 [5.77] | 0.04 (0.7%) | 1.16 (17.2%) *** | |
| Average Fixation Duration (ms) | 280 | 240 | 235 | 45 (19.1%) | 5 (2.1%) | 285 | 256 | 249 | 36 (14.5%) | 7 (2.8%) | 217.28 [44.74] | 213.42 [42.47] | 238.72 [109.74] | 3.86 (1.8%) | 25.3 (10.6%) *** | |
| Saccade length (characters) | 2.8 | 6.4 | 6.8 | -4 (-58.8%) | -0.4 (-5.9%) | - | - | - | - | - | 10.09 [3.58] | 9.45 [3.24] | 8.30 [2.54] | 0.64 (6.3%) | -1.15 (-13.9%) *** | |
| Average skipping probability (%) | - | - | - | - | - | 39 | 44 | 44 | -5 (-11.4%) | 0 (0%) | 51.99 [49.96] | 52.27 [49.95] | 47.62 [49.95] | -0.28 (-0.5%) | -4.65 (-9.8%) *** | |
| Average regression probability (%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 25.23 [43.43] | 22.58 [41.81] | 24.07 [42.75] | 2.65 (10.5%) | 1.49 (6.1%) | |
* p<0.05
** p<0.01
*** p<0.001