Table 3. Factors associated with glucose metabolism disorders (GMD) among 454 Tanzanian adults by logistic regression adjusted for age and sex.
| Variable | No GMD (n = 382) | GMD (n = 72) | Odds Ratio (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proportion (%) Median (IQR) | Proportion (%) Median (IQR) | ||
| Female | 249 (65.2%) | 49 (68.1%) | 1.29 (0.74–2.25) |
| Age (years) | 38 (33–46) | 40 (36–48.5) | 1.03 (1.003–1.06) |
| Education level | |||
| Incomplete primary | 71 (18.6%) | 11 (15.3%) | 1 |
| Complete primary | 226 (59.2%) | 48 (66.7%) | 1.48 (0.72–3.04) |
| Secondary and above | 85 (22.3%) | 13 (18.1%) | 1.16 (0.48–2.82) |
| Work type | |||
| Manual | 275 (72.0%) | 53 (73.6%) | 1 |
| Office | 107 (28.0%) | 19 (26.4%) | 0.93 (0.52–1.66) |
| Vigorous work | 55 (14.4%) | 14 (19.4%) | 1.54 (0.79–3.00) |
| Mode of transportation | |||
| Walking or bicycle | 301 (78.8%) | 56 (77.8%) | 1 |
| Motorized vehicle | 81 (21.2%) | 16 (22.2%) | 1.04 (0.56–1.92) |
| Ease of living index | |||
| Low | 228 (59.7%) | 33 (45.8%) | 1 |
| Middle | 51 (13.4%) | 19 (26.4%) | 2.83 (1.46–5.47) |
| High | 103 (27.0%) | 20 (27.8%) | 1.40 (0.76–2.56) |
| Ever smoker | 26 (6.8%) | 6 (8.3%) | 1.32 (0.50–3.50) |
| Current smoker | 9 (2.4%) | 0 | |
| Fruit & vegetable (servings/week) | 8 (5–12) | 9.5 (6–12) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) |
| Sugary drinks/day | 1 (0.5–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.99 (0.82–1.19) |
| Current alcohol | |||
| None | 312 (81.7%) | 63 (87.5%) | 1 |
| <once/week | 36 (9.4%) | 7 (9.7%) | 0.91 (0.38–2.16) |
| ≥once/week | 34 (8.9%) | 2 (2.8%) | 0.30 (0.07–1.30) |
| Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) | 23.1 (21.1–25.3) | 23.7 (21.1–28.3) | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) |
| <18.5 | 24 (6.3%) | 3 (4.2%) | 1 |
| 18.5–25 | 256 (67.0%) | 41 (56.9%) | 1.16 (0.33–4.07) |
| 25–30 | 69 (18.1%) | 18 (25.0%) | 1.98 (0.53–7.37) |
| >30 | 33 (8.6%) | 10 (13.9%) | 2.01 (0.49–8.23) |
| Waist/hip ratio per 0.01 increase | 0.84 (0.81–0.89) | 0.87 (0.83–0.92) | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) |
| Central obesity * | 139 (36.4%) | 39 (54.2%) | 2.04 (1.20–3.49) |
| CD4 T-cell count (cells/μL)** per 1 cell/μL increase | 285 (182.5–407) | 350 (246–518) | 1.001 (1.000–1.003) |
| <200 | 69 (28.8%) | 8 (13.1%) | 1 |
| 200–350 | 86 (35.8%) | 22 (36.1%) | 1.97 (0.82–4.75) |
| 350–500 | 47 (19.6%) | 14 (23.0%) | 2.09 (0.79–5.52) |
| >500 | 38 (15.8%) | 17 (27.9%) | 3.11 (1.19–8.16) |
* Defined as waist/hip ratio of ≥0.85 for women and waist/hip ratio ≥0.90 for men
** For all 301 study subjects with HIV including 61 with GMD and 240 without GMD