Table 1.

KABP-survey-sections and operationalization

Section	Items (I)
Socio-demographic and personal characteristics	Sex, age, country of birth, time in Germany, health insurance status, German language, level of education, religion, circumcision/genital mutilation,
Knowledge on Hepatitis B/C	(I1) Hepatitis is a disease of the liver caused by a virus.
Use of “informing statements”	(I2) Hepatitis B and C can be transmitted through blood or used needles.
“Did you know this before now?”	(I3) Hepatitis B can be transmitted through sexual contact.
	(I4) Hepatitis B can also be transmitted from mother to child.
	(I5) Chronic hepatitis can be treated successfully.
Knowledge on HIV	(I6) AIDS is caused by a virus called HIV.
Use of “informing statements”	(I7) You cannot tell from someone’s appearance whether he or she has HIV or not.
“Did you know this before now?”
	(I8) There is a test which shows whether someone is HIV positive or not.
	(I9) Africans are NOT deported from Germany just for having HIV.
	(I10) In Hamburg, you can get tested for HIV- anonymously and for free.
	(I11) There is no cure for HIV infection.
	(I12) HIV and AIDS also exist in Germany.
	(I13) There are medications that can help people with HIV stay healthy.
	(I14) HIV is not transmitted through kissing or shaking hands.
	(I15) HIV can be transmitted through sexual intercourse.
Knowledge on STI	(I16) gonorrhoea, (I17) syphilis, (I18) herpes
“Have you ever heard of these STI?”	(I19) genital warts, (I20) chlamydia
HIV and STI testing	Ever tested for HIV or STI, testing without consent, STI diagnoses
Sexual behavioral risk	Sexual activity, sex and condom use with casual (non-steady) partners, reasons for not using condoms, number of sex partners, sexual violence
Behavior/attitudes toward PLWH	Personal connection, reactions towards PLWH (personal and within the community)