Table 3. Secular trends of risk factors for GDM among women of child-bearing age from 2007 to 2010.
| 2007 (n = 280) | 2008 (n = 600) | 2009 (n = 705) | 2010 (n = 589) | P-value for trends | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Currently smokes (%) | 10.41 ± 1.47 | 13.93 ± 1.13 | 14.23 ± 1.11 | 7.30 ± 0.93 | 0.116 |
| Moderate exercise (%) | 7.35 ± 1.17 | 12.83 ± 1.11 | 11.64 ± 0.84 | 8.65 ± 0.91 | 0.566 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.09 ± 0.12 | 22.34 ± 0.10 | 22.39 ± 0.12 | 22.16 ± 0.12 | 0.642 |
| *Obesity by BMI (%) | 14.93 ± 1.41 | 17.87 ± 1.19 | 18.92 ± 1.12 | 17.40 ± 1.26 | 0.170 |
| WC (cm) | 75.64 ± 0.44 | 75.16±0.35 | 74.42±0.34 | 73.73 ± 0.34 | <0.001 |
| †Obesity by WC (%) | 13.35 ± 1.46 | 14.29 ± 1.08 | 13.32 ± 0.94 | 11.39 ± 0.99 | 0.210 |
| HTN (%) | 2.55 ± 0.75 | 4.34 ± 0.56 | 5.97 ± 0.71 | 3.69 ± 0.51 | 0.125 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 52.38 ± 0.48 | 53.08 ± 0.37 | 52.29 ± 0.34 | 52.72 ± 0.33 | 0.835 |
| Low HDL (%) | 46.71 ± 2.26 | 40.97 ± 1.48 | 44.75 ± 1.37 | 40.70 ± 1.49 | 0.071 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 93.51 ± 2.25 | 92.95 ± 2.34 | 91.87 ± 1.99 | 89.57 ± 1.96 | 0.154 |
| High TG (%) | 12.98 ± 1.21 | 11.31 ± 0.82 | 12.27 ± 0.92 | 10.51 ± 0.99 | 0.163 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 87.61 ± 0.56 | 91.56 ± 0.58 | 90.35 ± 0.44 | 89.17 ± 0.44 | 0.131 |
| High glucose (%) | 6.54 ± 0.94 | 11.23 ± 0.80 | 10.42 ± 0.94 | 8.00 ± 0.86 | 0.401 |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 1637.08 ± 27.81 | 1660.77 ± 18.84 | 1666.40 ± 18.34 | 1807.86 ± 22.36 | <0.001 |
| Fat intake (g) | 36.06 ± 1.07 | 36.55 ± 0.69 | 37.67 ± 0.69 | 42.87 ± 0.81 | <0.001 |
| DM (%) | 1.37 ± 0.42 | 2.14 ± 0.37 | 2.30 ± 0.41 | 2.03 ± 0.55 | 0.346 |
| Unrecognized DM (%) | 0.57 ± 0.27 | 1.00 ± 0.27 | 0.70 ± 0.24 | 0.52 ± 0.26 | 0.667 |
Data are mean±standard errors or %±standard errors. BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HTN, hypertension; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; DM, diabetes mellitus.
*Obesity was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m2.
†Obesity was defined as WC≥85cm.