Table 1.

Enzymes utilized in heparin and chondroitin synthesis.

Name	Abbreviation	Organism	References
Chondroitin Polymerase/Chondroitin Synthase	K4CP	Escherichia coli K4	Sugiura et al. 2002; Sugiura et al. 2012
N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl transferase	KfiA	Escherichia coli K5	Chen et al. 2006; Xu et al. 2011
Heparosan Synthase 1 & 2	PmHS1, PmHS2	Pasteurella multocida	Liu et al 2010; Sismey-Ragatz 2007; Xu et al. 2011
N-acetyl-glucosamine-1-phosphate Uridyltransferase	GlmU	Escherichia coli K5	Masuko et al. 2012
Arylsulfotransferase IV	AST-IV	Rattus norvegicus	Bhaskar et al. 2014; Burkhart et al. 2000
C5 Epimerase	C5 Epi	Cricetulus griseus (CHO cell)	Bhaskar et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2010; Xu et al. 2011; Zhang et al. 2015
2-O-sulfotransferase 1	2OST-1	Cricetulus griseus (CHO cell)	Bhaskar et al. 2014; Zhang et al. 2015; Xu et al. 2011
6-O-sulfotransferase 1	6OST-1	Mus musculus	Bhaskar et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2010; Restaino et al. 2013; Xu et al. 2011
6-O-sulfotransferase 3	6OST-3	Mus musculus	Bhaskar et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2010; Xu et al. 2011; Zhang et al. 2013
3-O-sulfotransferase 1	3OST-1	Mus musculus	Bhaskar et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2010; Moon et al. 2012; Xu et al. 2011
3-O-sulfotransferase 5	3OST-5	Mus musculus	Liu et al. 2010
3-O-sulfotransferase 3	3OST-3	Mus musculus	Moon et al. 2012
N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase	NDST-1	Rattus norvegicus	Liu et al 2010; Saribas et al. 2004
Chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase 1	C4ST-1	Homo sapiens	Sugiura et al. 2012
Chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase 1	C6ST-1	Homo sapiens	Sugiura et al. 2012
N-acetyl galactosamine 4-sulfate 6-sulfotransferase	GalNAc4S-6ST	Homo sapiens	Sugiura et al. 2012
uronosyl 2-sulfotransferase	UST	Homo sapiens	Sugiura et al. 2012