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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Res Q Exerc Sport. 2015 Mar 9;86(3):303–310. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2015.1008965

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Configural invariance model (Model 1) showing a second-order factor structure for the PANES. All model parameters are represented by arrows: (A) first-order factor loadings, (B) second-order factor loadings, (C) item-level residuals, and (D) first-order factor residuals. All parameters were freely estimated between the two neighborhood types. First-order factor names in ellipses were developed based on the content of the items loading to each respective factor (see Table 1). Correlated errors among five pairs of items (items 2 and 3, 3 and 4, 5 and 10, 13 and 14, and 2 and 17) are not shown to simplify presentation.