Table S1.

Experimental parameters for ES cell culture under flow perfusion bioreactor conditions

Group	B-04	B-08	B-40	B-1x	B-2x	B-4x
Flow rate ($Q$), mL/min	0.04	0.08	0.40	0.20	0.20	0.20
PEG concentration (wt/wt), %	—	—	—	—	2	6
Viscosity ($\mu$), cP (n = 4)	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	1.7 ± 0.1	3.6 ± 0.3
Shear stress (${\tau }_W$), cPa (n = 4)	1.7 ± 0.2	3.4 ± 0.3	17.0 ± 1.5	8.5 ± 0.8	16.0 ± 1.1	33.7 ± 2.7