Table 5.

Possible healing agent systems for self-healing bone cement

Healing agent	Catalyst	Advantages	Disadvantages
Fibrin glue	Thrombin	Non-toxic, tissue compatible	Biodegradable, mechanically weak with lower adhesion strengths
MMA monomer	Benzoyl peroxide	Same base as PMMA bone cement, mechanically strong	Both components are toxic, MMA immiscible with water
Medical grade epoxy resin	Polyamine monomers	Good mechanical strength, bonds well with PMMA, proven system	Unreacted components are toxic, resin immiscible with water
Medical grade cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive	Moisture	Tissue compatible, bonds quickly to PMMA, good mechanical strength	Unreacted monomer may be toxic, cyanoacrylate subject to moisture intrusion