Table 2.

The average properties observed for different types of CS NPs synthesized as described in text

NP type	Avg. size (nm) (Std. Dev.)	Avg. charge (mV) (Std. Dev.)	Avg. PDI (Std. Dev.)
Blank NP	122.97 (7.13)	+35.2 (3.45)	0.29 (0.01)
CDDP NP	70.46 (7.21)	+ 31.4 (2.78)	0.20 (0.02)
ALX NP	185.27 (105.87)	+16.9 (3.76)	0.34 (0.10)
FITC NP	143.3 (25.67)	+19.3 (1.14)	0.13 (0.03)

Note: Values derived from DLS measurements. Each type of NP was synthesized a minimum of three times to ensure accuracy and reproducibility.