Table 4.

GRADE Analysis

Intervention	Outcome	Conclusion	Quantity and type of evidence	Starting level of evidence strength (GRADE)	Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication bias	Strong or very strong assn.	Dose-response	Confounders	Final level of evidence strength (GRADE)
†–Hourly rounding	Patient satisfaction	Improved	11 pre-post	Low	0	0	0	0	0	+1	0	0	Moderate
	Perceived responsiveness	Improved where responsiveness had been a problem.	6 pre-post	Low	0	–1	0	0	0	+1	0	0	Low
	Call light use	Reduced by a median of 54%	10 pre-post	Low	0	0	0	0	0	+1	0	0	Moderate
	Patient falls	Reduced by a median of 57%	9 pre-post	Low	0	0	0	0	0	+1	0	0	Moderate
	Pressure ulcers	Insufficient evidence	1 pre-post	Low	0	0	0	–1	0	0	0	0	Very low

^†Includes two-hourly rounding and “Practice Partnership” model