TABLE III.
Pathway Analyses of the Associations between Prepregnancy BMI and Genome-Wide CpG Methylation Assessed from Cord Blood in the Boston Birth Cohort: Stratified by Gender
| Set name | Brief description | Gene count |
Set size |
p-value | Corrected p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boys | |||||
| BIOCARTA_NFKB_PATHWAY | Regulate genes related to apoptosis, viral replication, tumorigenesis and inflammation | 20 | 23 | 7.71 × 10−5 | 0.01 |
| BIOCARTA_DEATH_PATHWAY | Induction of apoptosis through death receptors | 29 | 33 | 4.25 × 10−4 | 0.04 |
| BIOCARTA_TNFR2_PATHWAY | Cytotoxic to tumor cells and regulate MHC and adhesion molecules | 16 | 18 | 4.55 × 10−4 | 0.04 |
| BIOCARTA_RELA_PATHWAY | Acetylation and Deacetylation of RelA in The Nucleus | 15 | 16 | 7.23 × 10−4 | 0.04 |
| Girls | |||||
| KEGG_LONG_TERM_DEPRESSION | Decrease In the synaptic strength between parallel fiber and Purkinje cells | 58 | 70 | 1.69 × 10−5 | 2.72 × 10−3 |
| KEGG_GNRH_SIGNALING_PATHWAYa | Regulate Release of the Gonadotropins | 77 | 101 | 3.06 × 10−5 | 2.72 × 10−3 |
| KEGG_VASCULAR_SMOOTH_MUSCLE_CONTRACTIONa | Regulate Contractile state of VSMCs | 92 | 115 | 1.30 × 10−4 | 7.00 × 10−3 |
| KEGG_ALPHA_LINOLENIC_ACID_METABOLISM | Alpha-Linolenic Acid Metabolism | 14 | 19 | 3.20 × 10−4 | 0.01 |
| KEGG_GAP_JUNCTIONa | Intercellular Adhesions | 65 | 90 | 4.44 × 10−4 | 0.01 |
| KEGG_LINOLEIC_ACID_METABOLISM | Linoleic acid metabolism | 19 | 29 | 7.38 × 10−4 | 0.02 |
| KEGG_SMALL_CELL_LUNG_CANCER | Small cell lung cancer | 78 | 84 | 1.11 × 10−3 | 0.03 |
| KEGG_ARACHIDONIC_ACID_METABOLISM | Arachidonic acid metabolism | 41 | 58 | 1.60 × 10−3 | 0.03 |
| REACTOME_PLATELET_SENSITIZATION_BY_LDL | Involved in Platelet Sensitization by LDL (Platelet Homeostasis) | 12 | 16 | 7.31 × 10−6 | 3.82 × 10−3 |
| REACTOME_REGULATION_OF_IFNG_SIGNALING | IFNG signaling Regulation | 13 | 14 | 7.43 × 10−5 | 0.02 |
| REACTOME_INTEGRATION_OF_ENERGY_METABOLISMa | Integration of energy metabolism | 96 | 120 | 1.91 × 10−4 | 0.03 |
| REACTOME_BETA_DEFENSINS | Beta defensins (antimicrobial peptides) | 10 | 42 | 2.59 × 10−4 | 0.03 |
Note. Output from GSA-SNP (http://gsa.muldas.org/). Gene Count: the number of genes found from the input (~15k genes covered by Illumina 27K BeadChip); Set Size: the size of the gene sets from the known databases (KEGG, BioCarta, REACTOME); Correct P-value: Benjamini and Hochberg False Discovery Rate.
a
Canonical pathways include the ADCY3 gene, which was identified from a single test for CpG site (Table II).