Table 6.

Common cytochrome p450 (CYP) inducers, inhibitors, and substrates, separated into ARV drugs and common chronic medication

Select CYP450 inducers, inhibitors, and substrates
	1A2	2C19	2D6	3A4
Inducers	Ritonavir	Ritonavir Efavirenz		Efavirenz (2B6 > 3A4), etravirine, nevirapine, ritonavir (high dose)
	Phenobarbital Phenytoin Rifampin	Carbamazepine Rifampin	Carbamazepine Phenobarbital Phenytoin Rifampin	Carbamazepine, dexamethasone phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifabutin, rifampin, rifapentine, St. John’s wort
Inhibitors	Atazanavir	Etravirine	Ritonavir	Ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, atazanavir, saquinavir, cobicistat, delavirdine
	Amiodarone	Ketoconazole Omeprazole	Amiodarone Quinidine Methadone	Azoles: fluconazole, posaconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole Macrolides: clarithromycin, erythromycin Amiodarone, diltiazem, nefazodone, grapefruit juice, Seville orange juice
Substrates		Nelfinavir (2C19 > 3A4); etravirine		All PIs, elvitegravir, dolutegravir (UGT1A1 > 3A4), efavirenz (2B6 > 3A4), nevirapine, etravirine, delavirdine, rilpivirine, maraviroc
	Haloperidol Olanzapine Theophylline	Diazepam Phenytoin PPIs: lansoprazole, omeprazole pantoprazole Voriconazole	Carvedilol Codeine Metoprolol Tramadol	Macrolides: clarithromycin, erythromycin Benzodiazepines: alprazolam, midazolam, triazolam HMG-Co reductase inhibitors: simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin Dihydropyridine Ca channel blockers: nifedipine, nisoldipine, felodipine Antiarrhythmics: bepridil, propafenone, amiodarone, flecainide Cyclosporine, ergotamine, irinotecan, pimozide