Table 1.
Practical tips for the clinician | |
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Always make the best choice considering safety and tolerability, strive for tailor-made therapy and individualization of care in clinical practice | |
Local treatment | In case of focal pain distribution or systemic contra-indications |
Medication | Take a careful medication history Ask for previous adverse effects, inadequate effects, inadequate dose Check for comorbidity such as liver and kidney impairment Check potential interactions with other drugs, herbs, caffeine, smoking, grapefruit Adjust dose if necessary Consider genetic testing in patients with a history of many side effects Make patient also responsible for medication history by handing out a form for medication |
Opioids | Avoid instant-release opioids Start strong opioids only as third-line treatment Be aware of the potential risks |
Social context | Ask for impact on sleep, work, daily functioning, relationship, and anxiety, and treat when possible |
Age | Avoid polypharmacy as much as possible Strive for treatment with the least side effects Always start low, go slow! |
AND if nothing works consider multi-targeting! |