Table 1.
Overview about tested sample and matching statistics.
| HC | PG | Group comparison | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age median (range) | 32.55 (18–58) | 32.90 (19–59) | t37.88 = 0.09, p = 0.93 |
| Education in school years median (range) | 10 (9–13) | 10 (9–13) | t38 = 0.74, p = 0.47 |
| Monthly income in EUR mean (SD) | 1042.90 (452.54) | 1279.70 (1070.48) | t25.58 = 0.91, p = 0.37 |
| FTND mean (SD) | 3.5 (2.59) | 4.45 (2.76) | t37.84 = 1.12, p = 0.27 |
| AUDIT mean (SD) | 7.15 (7.37) | 10.3 (6.28) | t37.07 = 1.45, p = 0.15 |
| DSM-IV pathological gambling mean (SD) | 0.1 (0.31) | 5.75 (1.74) | t20.18 = 14.27, p < 0.001 |
| KFG mean (SD) | 1.75 (2.71) | 30.15 (7.74) | t23.60 = 15.48, p < 0.001 |
| SOGS mean (SD) | 0.45 (0.60) | 9.65 (3.01) | t20.53 = 13.39, p < 0.001 |
| BDI mean (SD) | 4.6 (4.07) | 16.5 (9.48) | t25.77 = 5.16, p < 0.001 |
HC, Healthy control participants; PG, Pathological gamblers; SD, standard deviation; FTND, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; KFG, Kurzfragebogen zum Glücksspielverhalten (a measure of gambling addiction); SOGS, South Oaks Gambling Screen; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory (see Materials and Methods for details).