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. 2015 Aug 25;6:1243. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01243

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Copyright © 2015 Kriengwatana, Escudero, Kerkhoven and Ten Cate.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Group level performance of birds (A) and humans (C), and individual level performance of birds (B) and humans (E) in Experiment 1. Dotted line in (B) shows performance of bird 257 (discussed in Experiment 2 Results). In (A,C), black dots represent the combined average of performance on speaker and gender normalization conditions (which were not significantly different from each other). Birds and humans correctly discriminated between NEW vowels because they responded significantly more to the Go than No-go tokens (*). (D) Multilinguals’ responses to the FAM Go and NEW Go differed significantly (+), as did their responses to the FAM No-go and NEW No-go (#). Nevertheless, monolingual and multilinguals correctly discriminated between the NEW Go and NEW No-go (*).