. 2015 Jul 15;145(9):2092–2101. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.212860

TABLE 3.

Multivariable RR of incident paroxysmal and persistent/chronic AF by quintiles of FA intake in 33,665 women from the Women’s Health Study¹

	Quintiles of FAs
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	P-trend	P-difference²
Median of total fat, % energy	22.3	26.9	30	33.2	37.8
Range of total fat, % energy	<25.0	25.0–28.4	28.5–31.4	31.5–35.1	>35.1
Total, n	6702	6810	6778	6710	6665
Paroxysmal AF
Cases, n	179	193	186	190	181
Basic model 1³	1.0 (ref)	1.07 (0.88, 1.32)	1.05 (0.86, 1.29)	1.11 (0.90, 1.36)	1.11 (0.90,1.37)	0.30
Multivariable model 1⁴	1.0 (ref)	1.07 (0.87, 1.31)	1.00 (0.81, 1.23)	0.99 (0.80, 1.22)	0.94 (0.75, 1.17)	0.41
Multivariable model 1⁴ + intermediary factors⁵	1.0 (ref)	1.06 (0.87, 1.31)	1.00 (0.81, 1.24)	1.00 (0.81, 1.23)	0.95 (0.76, 1.18)	0.48
Persistent/chronic AF							0.72
Cases, n	92	104	83	89	99
Basic model 1³	1.0 (ref)	1.13 (0.85, 1.49)	0.92 (0.69, 1.24)	1.02 (0.76, 1.37)	1.21 (0.91, 1.61)	0.33
Multivariable model 1⁴	1.0 (ref)	1.07 (0.80, 1.42)	0.85 (0.62, 1.15)	0.84 (0.62, 1.13)	0.93 (0.69, 1.26)	0.31
Multivariable model 1⁴ + intermediary factors⁵	1.0 (ref)	1.08 (0.81, 1.44)	0.85 (0.63, 1.16)	0.86 (0.64, 1.16)	0.97 (0.72, 1.77)	0.48
Median of SFAs, % energy	7.2	8.9	10.1	11.4	13.4
Range of SFAs, % energy	<8.2	8.2–9.5	9.6–10.7	10.8–12.2	>12.2
Total, n	6693	6795	6766	6729	6682
Paroxysmal AF
Cases, n	179	213	187	181	169
Basic model 2⁶	1.0 (ref)	1.26 (1.00, 1.58)	1.12 (0.87, 1.46)	1.10 (0.83, 1.47)	1.04 (0.75, 1.43)	0.67
Multivariable model 2⁷	1.0 (ref)	1.21 (0.96, 1.52)	1.04 (0.80, 1.36)	1.03 (0.77, 1.38)	0.89 (0.64, 1.23)	0.19
Multivariable model 2⁷ + intermediary factors⁵	1.0 (ref)	1.22 (0.97, 1.54)	1.06 (0.81, 1.39)	1.05 (0.78, 1.40)	0.94 (0.68, 1.30)	0.32
Persistent/chronic AF							0.01
Cases, n	93	81	102	87	104
Basic model 2⁶	1.0 (ref)	1.05 (0.75, 1.46)	1.54 (1.07, 2.21)	1.51 (1.01, 2.26)	2.05 (1.32, 3.16)	0.00
Multivariable model 2⁷	1.0 (ref)	0.98 (0.69, 1.38)	1.41 (0.97, 2.05)	1.37 (0.91, 2.09)	1.70 (1.08, 2.67)	0.03
Multivariable model 2⁷ + intermediary factors⁵	1.0 (ref)	1.01 (0.72, 1.42)	1.50 (1.04, 2.16)	1.41 (0.93, 2.13)	1.81 (1.16, 2.83)	0.01
Median of MUFAs, % energy	7.9	9.8	11.2	12.5	14.5
Range of MUFAs, % energy	<9.0	9.0–10.5	10.6–11.8	11.9–13.3	>13.3
Total, n	6707	6805	6781	6695	6677
Paroxysmal AF
Cases, n	189	178	192	183	187
Basic model 2⁶	1.0 (ref)	0.86 (0.67, 1.09)	0.94 (0.72, 1.24)	0.93 (0.68, 1.26)	1.00 (0.70, 1.42)	0.87
Multivariable model 2⁷	1.0 (ref)	0.89 (0.70, 1.14)	0.95 (0.72, 1.26)	0.91 (0.66, 1.26)	1.01 (0.70, 1.45)	0.86
Multivariable model 2⁷ + intermediary factors⁵	1.0 (ref)	0.88 (0.69, 1.13)	0.95 (0.72, 1.26)	0.90 (0.66, 1.24)	0.97 (0.68, 1.40)	0.97
Persistent/chronic AF							0.07
Cases, n	97	96	96	82	96
Basic model 2⁶	1.0 (ref)	0.89 (0.64, 1.25)	0.80 (0.54, 1.18)	0.60 (0.38, 0.95)	0.61 (0.37, 1.01)	0.03
Multivariable model 2⁷	1.0 (ref)	0.95 (0.67, 1.34)	0.82 (0.55, 1.23)	0.60 (0.38, 0.96)	0.62 (0.37, 1.05)	0.04
Multivariable model 2⁷ + intermediary factors⁵	1.0 (ref)	0.93 (0.66, 1.31)	0.82 (0.55, 1.22)	0.60 (0.38, 0.95)	0.62 (0.37, 1.04)	0.04
Median of trans fat, % energy	0.58	0.85	1.09	1.38	1.91
Range of trans fat, % energy	<0.73	0.73–0.97	0.98–1.22	1.23–1.59	>1.59
Total, n	6712	6743	6744	6765	6701
Paroxysmal AF
Cases, n	199	177	195	164	194
Basic model 2⁶	1.0 (ref)	0.89 (0.72, 1.11)	1.00 (0.80, 1.26)	0.85 (0.66,1.09)	1.03 (0.80, 1.33)	0.60
Multivariable model 2⁷	1.0 (ref)	0.90 (0.73, 1.13)	1.00 (0.80, 1.26)	0.80(0.62, 1.04)	0.97 (0.75,1.26)	0.91
Multivariable model 2⁷ + intermediary factors⁵	1.0 (ref)	0.90 (0.72, 1.11)	0.99 (0.79, 1.25)	0.80 (0.62, 1.03)	0.96 (0.74, 1.25)	0.90
Persistent/chronic AF							0.84
Cases, n	109	84	92	86	96
Basic model 2⁶	1.0 (ref)	0.75 (0.55, 1.01)	0.85 (0.62, 1.16)	0.82 (0.58, 1.15)	0.95 (0.67, 1.36)	0.85
Multivariable model 2⁷	1.0 (ref)	0.72 (0.53, 0.99)	0.81 (0.58, 1.12)	0.77 (0.55, 1.10)	0.87 (0.60, 1.26)	0.75
Multivariable model 2⁷ + intermediary factors⁵	1.0 (ref)	0.70 (0.51, 0.95)	0.80 (0.58, 1.10)	0.74 (0.53, 1.05)	0.84 (0.59, 1.22)	0.65
Median of total PUFAs, % energy	4.1	5	5.6	6.4	7.6
Range of total PUFAs, % energy	<4.6	4.6–5.2	5.3–5.9	6.0–6.9	>6.9
Total, n	6723	6739	6780	6694	6729
Paroxysmal AF
Cases	166	172	204	189	198
Basic model 2⁶	1.0 (ref)	1.05 (0.85, 1.31)	1.22 (0.98, 1.52)	1.14 (0.90, 1.43)	1.15 (0.90, 1.46)	0.24
Multivariable model 2⁷	1.0 (ref)	1.05 (0.84, 1.31)	1.20 (0.96, 1.50)	1.10 (0.87, 1.39)	1.13 (0.88, 1.45)	0.34
Multivariable model 2⁷ + intermediary factors⁵	1.0 (ref)	1.06 (0.85, 1.33)	1.22 (0.98, 1.53)	1.12 (0.89, 1.42)	1.14 (0.89, 1.46)	0.29
Persistent/chronic AF							0.74
Cases	91	95	96	80	105
Basic model 2⁶	1.0 (ref)	1.10 (0.82, 1.48)	1.10 (0.81, 1.50)	0.96 (0.69, 1.34)	1.24 (0.89, 1.73)	0.35
Multivariable model 2⁷	1.0 (ref)	1.06 (0.79, 1.44)	1.05 (0.77, 1.43)	0.90 (0.64, 1.26)	1.11 (0.79, 1.57)	0.79
Multivariable model 2⁷ + intermediary factors⁵	1.0 (ref)	1.07 (0.79, 1.44)	1.05 (0.77, 1.43)	0.90 (0.65, 1.26)	1.13 (0.81, 1.58)	0.70

AF, atrial fibrillation; Q, quintile; ref, reference.

P value for the difference in the association between paroxysmal and sustained types of AF.

Adjusted for age, protein (percentage of energy), and total calories.

⁴

Adjusted for age, protein (percentage of energy), total calories, smoking, BMI, height, alcohol, exercise, education, race, randomization group (β-carotene, vitamin E, and aspirin), systolic blood pressure, and diagnosis of hypertension (SBP ≥140 and DBP ≥90 mm Hg or use of blood pressure–lowering medication), high cholesterol (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or use of cholesterol-lowering medication), and diabetes, all at baseline.

⁵

Includes diagnosis of incident hypertension (SBP ≥140 and DBP ≥90 mm Hg or use of blood pressure–lowering medication), high cholesterol (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or use of cholesterol-lowering medication), diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and congestive heart failure during follow-up.

⁶

Adjusted for basic model 1 plus SFAs, MUFAs, total PUFAs, and trans fat in the same model.

⁷

Adjusted for multivariable model 1 plus SFAs, MUFAs, total PUFAs, and trans fat in the same model.