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. 2015 Jul 15;145(9):2092–2101. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.212860

TABLE 3.

Multivariable RR of incident paroxysmal and persistent/chronic AF by quintiles of FA intake in 33,665 women from the Women’s Health Study1

Quintiles of FAs
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 P-trend P-difference2
Median of total fat, % energy 22.3 26.9 30 33.2 37.8
Range of total fat, % energy <25.0 25.0–28.4 28.5–31.4 31.5–35.1 >35.1
Total, n 6702 6810 6778 6710 6665
 Paroxysmal AF
  Cases, n 179 193 186 190 181
  Basic model 13 1.0 (ref) 1.07 (0.88, 1.32) 1.05 (0.86, 1.29) 1.11 (0.90, 1.36) 1.11 (0.90,1.37) 0.30
  Multivariable model 14 1.0 (ref) 1.07 (0.87, 1.31) 1.00 (0.81, 1.23) 0.99 (0.80, 1.22) 0.94 (0.75, 1.17) 0.41
  Multivariable model 14 + intermediary factors5 1.0 (ref) 1.06 (0.87, 1.31) 1.00 (0.81, 1.24) 1.00 (0.81, 1.23) 0.95 (0.76, 1.18) 0.48
 Persistent/chronic AF 0.72
  Cases, n 92 104 83 89 99
  Basic model 13 1.0 (ref) 1.13 (0.85, 1.49) 0.92 (0.69, 1.24) 1.02 (0.76, 1.37) 1.21 (0.91, 1.61) 0.33
  Multivariable model 14 1.0 (ref) 1.07 (0.80, 1.42) 0.85 (0.62, 1.15) 0.84 (0.62, 1.13) 0.93 (0.69, 1.26) 0.31
  Multivariable model 14 + intermediary factors5 1.0 (ref) 1.08 (0.81, 1.44) 0.85 (0.63, 1.16) 0.86 (0.64, 1.16) 0.97 (0.72, 1.77) 0.48
Median of SFAs, % energy 7.2 8.9 10.1 11.4 13.4
Range of SFAs, % energy <8.2 8.2–9.5 9.6–10.7 10.8–12.2 >12.2
Total, n 6693 6795 6766 6729 6682
 Paroxysmal AF
  Cases, n 179 213 187 181 169
  Basic model 26 1.0 (ref) 1.26 (1.00, 1.58) 1.12 (0.87, 1.46) 1.10 (0.83, 1.47) 1.04 (0.75, 1.43) 0.67
  Multivariable model 27 1.0 (ref) 1.21 (0.96, 1.52) 1.04 (0.80, 1.36) 1.03 (0.77, 1.38) 0.89 (0.64, 1.23) 0.19
  Multivariable model 27 + intermediary factors5 1.0 (ref) 1.22 (0.97, 1.54) 1.06 (0.81, 1.39) 1.05 (0.78, 1.40) 0.94 (0.68, 1.30) 0.32
 Persistent/chronic AF 0.01
  Cases, n 93 81 102 87 104
  Basic model 26 1.0 (ref) 1.05 (0.75, 1.46) 1.54 (1.07, 2.21) 1.51 (1.01, 2.26) 2.05 (1.32, 3.16) 0.00
  Multivariable model 27 1.0 (ref) 0.98 (0.69, 1.38) 1.41 (0.97, 2.05) 1.37 (0.91, 2.09) 1.70 (1.08, 2.67) 0.03
  Multivariable model 27 + intermediary factors5 1.0 (ref) 1.01 (0.72, 1.42) 1.50 (1.04, 2.16) 1.41 (0.93, 2.13) 1.81 (1.16, 2.83) 0.01
Median of MUFAs, % energy 7.9 9.8 11.2 12.5 14.5
Range of MUFAs, % energy <9.0 9.0–10.5 10.6–11.8 11.9–13.3 >13.3
Total, n 6707 6805 6781 6695 6677
 Paroxysmal AF
  Cases, n 189 178 192 183 187
  Basic model 26 1.0 (ref) 0.86 (0.67, 1.09) 0.94 (0.72, 1.24) 0.93 (0.68, 1.26) 1.00 (0.70, 1.42) 0.87
  Multivariable model 27 1.0 (ref) 0.89 (0.70, 1.14) 0.95 (0.72, 1.26) 0.91 (0.66, 1.26) 1.01 (0.70, 1.45) 0.86
  Multivariable model 27 + intermediary factors5 1.0 (ref) 0.88 (0.69, 1.13) 0.95 (0.72, 1.26) 0.90 (0.66, 1.24) 0.97 (0.68, 1.40) 0.97
 Persistent/chronic AF 0.07
  Cases, n 97 96 96 82 96
  Basic model 26 1.0 (ref) 0.89 (0.64, 1.25) 0.80 (0.54, 1.18) 0.60 (0.38, 0.95) 0.61 (0.37, 1.01) 0.03
  Multivariable model 27 1.0 (ref) 0.95 (0.67, 1.34) 0.82 (0.55, 1.23) 0.60 (0.38, 0.96) 0.62 (0.37, 1.05) 0.04
  Multivariable model 27 + intermediary factors5 1.0 (ref) 0.93 (0.66, 1.31) 0.82 (0.55, 1.22) 0.60 (0.38, 0.95) 0.62 (0.37, 1.04) 0.04
Median of trans fat, % energy 0.58 0.85 1.09 1.38 1.91
Range of trans fat, % energy <0.73 0.73–0.97 0.98–1.22 1.23–1.59 >1.59
Total, n 6712 6743 6744 6765 6701
 Paroxysmal AF
  Cases, n 199 177 195 164 194
  Basic model 26 1.0 (ref) 0.89 (0.72, 1.11) 1.00 (0.80, 1.26) 0.85 (0.66,1.09) 1.03 (0.80, 1.33) 0.60
  Multivariable model 27 1.0 (ref) 0.90 (0.73, 1.13) 1.00 (0.80, 1.26) 0.80(0.62, 1.04) 0.97 (0.75,1.26) 0.91
  Multivariable model 27 + intermediary factors5 1.0 (ref) 0.90 (0.72, 1.11) 0.99 (0.79, 1.25) 0.80 (0.62, 1.03) 0.96 (0.74, 1.25) 0.90
 Persistent/chronic AF 0.84
  Cases, n 109 84 92 86 96
  Basic model 26 1.0 (ref) 0.75 (0.55, 1.01) 0.85 (0.62, 1.16) 0.82 (0.58, 1.15) 0.95 (0.67, 1.36) 0.85
  Multivariable model 27 1.0 (ref) 0.72 (0.53, 0.99) 0.81 (0.58, 1.12) 0.77 (0.55, 1.10) 0.87 (0.60, 1.26) 0.75
  Multivariable model 27 + intermediary factors5 1.0 (ref) 0.70 (0.51, 0.95) 0.80 (0.58, 1.10) 0.74 (0.53, 1.05) 0.84 (0.59, 1.22) 0.65
Median of total PUFAs, % energy 4.1 5 5.6 6.4 7.6
Range of total PUFAs, % energy <4.6 4.6–5.2 5.3–5.9 6.0–6.9 >6.9
Total, n 6723 6739 6780 6694 6729
 Paroxysmal AF
  Cases 166 172 204 189 198
  Basic model 26 1.0 (ref) 1.05 (0.85, 1.31) 1.22 (0.98, 1.52) 1.14 (0.90, 1.43) 1.15 (0.90, 1.46) 0.24
  Multivariable model 27 1.0 (ref) 1.05 (0.84, 1.31) 1.20 (0.96, 1.50) 1.10 (0.87, 1.39) 1.13 (0.88, 1.45) 0.34
  Multivariable model 27 + intermediary factors5 1.0 (ref) 1.06 (0.85, 1.33) 1.22 (0.98, 1.53) 1.12 (0.89, 1.42) 1.14 (0.89, 1.46) 0.29
 Persistent/chronic AF 0.74
  Cases 91 95 96 80 105
  Basic model 26 1.0 (ref) 1.10 (0.82, 1.48) 1.10 (0.81, 1.50) 0.96 (0.69, 1.34) 1.24 (0.89, 1.73) 0.35
  Multivariable model 27 1.0 (ref) 1.06 (0.79, 1.44) 1.05 (0.77, 1.43) 0.90 (0.64, 1.26) 1.11 (0.79, 1.57) 0.79
  Multivariable model 27 + intermediary factors5 1.0 (ref) 1.07 (0.79, 1.44) 1.05 (0.77, 1.43) 0.90 (0.65, 1.26) 1.13 (0.81, 1.58) 0.70
1

AF, atrial fibrillation; Q, quintile; ref, reference.

2

P value for the difference in the association between paroxysmal and sustained types of AF.

3

Adjusted for age, protein (percentage of energy), and total calories.

4

Adjusted for age, protein (percentage of energy), total calories, smoking, BMI, height, alcohol, exercise, education, race, randomization group (β-carotene, vitamin E, and aspirin), systolic blood pressure, and diagnosis of hypertension (SBP ≥140 and DBP ≥90 mm Hg or use of blood pressure–lowering medication), high cholesterol (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or use of cholesterol-lowering medication), and diabetes, all at baseline.

5

Includes diagnosis of incident hypertension (SBP ≥140 and DBP ≥90 mm Hg or use of blood pressure–lowering medication), high cholesterol (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or use of cholesterol-lowering medication), diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and congestive heart failure during follow-up.

6

Adjusted for basic model 1 plus SFAs, MUFAs, total PUFAs, and trans fat in the same model.

7

Adjusted for multivariable model 1 plus SFAs, MUFAs, total PUFAs, and trans fat in the same model.