Table 2.

Classification of the surgical complications according to the modified Clavien-Dindo system

Grade	Cases
I	Any deviations from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic and radiological interventions. The allowed therapeutic regimens include antiemetics, antipyretics, analgesics, diuretics, electrolytes, and physiotherapy. This grade also includes wound infections that were opened at the bedside.
II	Complications that require pharmacological treatment with drugs other than those allowed for grade I complications. Blood transfusions and total parenteral nutrition are also included.
III	Complications that require surgical, endoscopic or radiological interventions.
IIIa	Interventions not under general anesthesia.
IIIb	Interventions under general anesthesia.
IV	Life-threatening complications (including central nervous system complications) that require treatment in the intensive care unit.
IVa	Single organ dysfunction (including dialysis).
IVb	Multiorgan dysfunction.
V	Death of the patient.