Table 1.
The five-factor structure of resilience based on the READ scale: factor loadings and descriptive statistics of the items
| READ scale items | Factor loadings | Mean | Standard deviation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Factor 1: family cohesion | |||
| In my family, we agree on most things | 0.76 | 3.71 | 1.06 |
| In my family, we support each other | 0.74 | 4.40 | 0.91 |
| In my family, we like to find and do things together | 0.72 | 3.58 | 1.12 |
| I have a very good time with my family | 0.72 | 4.54 | 0.85 |
| In my family, we agree on what is important in life | 0.70 | 4.01 | 1.06 |
| My family looks positively forward, even when sad things happen | 0.63 | 4.11 | 0.93 |
| In my family, we have rules that simplify the every day | 0.60 | 3.12 | 1.11 |
| Factor 2: personal competence | |||
| My faith in myself gets me through difficult times | 0.76 | 3.58 | 1.15 |
| I feel I am proficient | 0.66 | 3.74 | 1.03 |
| In adversity, I have a tendency to find something good I can grow on | 0.63 | 3.60 | 1.05 |
| When I make a choice, I often know which is the right one for me | 0.59 | 3.82 | 0.97 |
| I am satisfied with my life now | 0.55 | 4.19 | 1.00 |
| I know how I will achieve my goal | 0.52 | 3.91 | 0.98 |
| When it is impossible for me to change things, I stop pondering on them | 0.43 | 3.04 | 1.21 |
| Factor 3: social competence | |||
| It is easy for me to find new friends | 0.76 | 3.94 | 1.06 |
| I am good at talking to new people | 0.75 | 3.85 | 1.06 |
| It is easy for others to have a good time with me | 0.67 | 4.33 | 0.80 |
| I always find some comforting words to say to those who are sad | 0.63 | 4.03 | 0.92 |
| I always find something funny to talk about | 0.57 | 3.82 | 0.97 |
| My friends stick together | 0.42 | 4.30 | 0.88 |
| Factor 4: social resources | |||
| I have some close friends/family members who really care about me | 0.64 | 4.79 | 0.58 |
| I have some friends/family members who tend to encourage me | 0.63 | 4.51 | 0.81 |
| I have some close friends/family members who appreciate my qualities | 0.56 | 4.52 | 0.77 |
| I reach the goal if I am persistent | 0.52 | 4.52 | 0.78 |
| I always have someone who can help me when I need it | 0.46 | 4.29 | 0.98 |
| Factor 5: structured style | |||
| I always make a plan before I start something new | 0.77 | 3.23 | 1.12 |
| I work best when I have made clear goals | 0.71 | 4.15 | 0.90 |
| I am good at organizing my time | 0.64 | 3.14 | 1.16 |
Notes: Principal component analysis – rotation method: varimax with Kaiser normalization. List wise N=6,304.
Abbreviation: READ, Resilience Scale for Adolescents.