TABLE 1.

Correlation matrix for diet differences (HPA − HOA) in AC species and respective diet differences in cytokines secreted by peripheral blood PBMCs

	IL-1β Fasted	IL-1β Fed	IL-18 Fasted	IL-18 Fed	TNF α Fasted	TNF α Fed
Males and Females
Saturated ACs
C12:0	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
C14:0	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
C16:0	NS	0.58a	NS	NS	0.50a	0.50a
C18:0	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Unsaturated ACs
C12:1	0.51a	NS	0.58a	NS	0.53a	NS
C14:1	NS	NS	0.59a	NS	0.49a	NS
C16:1	0.50a	NS	0.62b	NS	NS	NS
C18:1	NS	NS	0.53a	NS	NS	NS
Females
Saturated ACs
C12:0	0.81a	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
C14:0	0.79a	0.76a	NS	NS	0.74a	NS
C16:0	NS	0.93b	NS	0.79a	0.90b	0.79a
C18:0	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Unsaturated ACs
C12:1	NS	0.71a	NS	NS	NS	NS
C14:1	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
C16:1	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
C18:1	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
C18:2	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Males
Saturated ACs
C12:0	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
C14:0	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
C16:0	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
C18:0	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Unsaturated ACs
C12:1	0.78a	NS	0.81a	NS	NS	NS
C14:1	0.76a	NS	0.88b	NS	NS	NS
C16:1	0.74a	NS	0.79a	NS	NS	NS
C18:1	NS	NS	0.72a	NS	NS	NS
C18:2	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

AC species were measured in the fed state at the end of each tracer study and cytokines secreted by PBMCs were collected in the fasted and fed states. When statistically significant, the Spearman rank r value is shown for each relevant comparison. AC profiling was conducted at the end of 9 h of repeated (every 20 min) feedings of a formula diet (HPA or HOA) on days 20 and 21 (fed state) and then averaged for each species. Immunology studies were conducted on day 22 of each experimental diet in both the fasted state and 3 h after a breakfast meal consisting of one-third of the total energy content of the daily diet (fed state). Each breakfast was identical during each of the HPA and HOA diets, except for the FA composition, which reflected that of the particular diet.

^aP < 0.05.

^bP ≤ 0.01.