Table 1.
Maternal Characteristics
| Characteristic | White | Black | Hispanic | Asian or Pacific Islander | All Races |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 347,693 | 127,555 | 166,100 | 19,048 | 660,396 |
| Age (y) | |||||
| 20–29 | 57.2 | 70.8 | 58.3 | 40.7 | 59.6 |
| 30–39 | 39.7 | 26.9 | 38.8 | 55.8 | 37.4 |
| 40 or older | 3.1 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 2.9 |
| Education (y) | |||||
| Less than 12 | 9.0 | 17.2 | 18.1 | 7.3 | 12.8 |
| 12 | 27.4 | 40.6 | 32.0 | 19.0 | 30.9 |
| Greater than 12 | 63.5 | 42.3 | 49.9 | 73.7 | 56.3 |
| WIC status | |||||
| Yes | 28.9 | 63.7 | 48.4 | 20.9 | 40.3 |
| No | 71.1 | 36.3 | 51.6 | 79.1 | 59.7 |
| Insurance status | |||||
| Medicaid | 32.7 | 62.1 | 42.3 | 21.7 | 40.5 |
| Private | 62.3 | 31.5 | 45.1 | 67.7 | 52.2 |
| Self-pay | 3.4 | 4.9 | 10.9 | 8.6 | 5.7 |
| Other | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.6 |
| Parity | |||||
| 0 | 41.0 | 30.1 | 37.6 | 45.1 | 38.2 |
| 1 | 35.4 | 31.1 | 36.0 | 37.4 | 34.8 |
| 2 | 15.9 | 20.7 | 17.2 | 12.3 | 17.0 |
| 3 or more | 7.7 | 18.1 | 9.2 | 5.2 | 10.0 |
| Smoking during pregnancy | |||||
| Yes | 12.3 | 3.9 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 7.7 |
| No | 87.7 | 96.1 | 98.2 | 98.8 | 92.3 |
| Nativity | |||||
| U.S. | 93.2 | 74.6 | 36.2 | 11.7 | 72.9 |
| Foreign | 6.8 | 25.4 | 63.8 | 88.3 | 27.1 |
| Height (inches) | |||||
| Mean | 64.9 | 64.8 | 63.4 | 62.7 | 64.5 |
| GDM | |||||
| GDM | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 9.6 | 4.9 |
| No GDM | 95.2 | 95.7 | 95.1 | 90.4 | 95.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| Less than 18.5 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 11.4 | 4.7 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 54.7 | 38.5 | 51.4 | 67.4 | 51.1 |
| 25.0–29.9 | 22.2 | 27.6 | 26.6 | 16.1 | 24.2 |
| 30.0–34.9 | 10.4 | 16.2 | 11.8 | 4.0 | 11.7 |
| 35.0–39.9 | 4.6 | 7.9 | 4.3 | 0.9 | 5.1 |
| 40 or greater | 2.8 | 6.1 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 3.2 |
| Gestational weight gain | |||||
| Inadequate | 15.3 | 22.3 | 17.5 | 22.7 | 17.4 |
| Adequate | 31.7 | 28.6 | 32.4 | 40.9 | 31.6 |
| Excessive | 53.0 | 49.1 | 50.1 | 36.4 | 51.0 |
WIC, Women, Infants, and Children; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index.
Data are %, excluding births with missing values of characteristic.
Number of births with missing values of characteristic, if any, is indicated.