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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain Manag Nurs. 2015 Aug 8;16(5):770–780. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2015.06.002

Table 2.

Summary of medication pass observationsa by study phase

N (%) N (%)
Pre-Intervention
(N=191)		 Post-
Intervention
(N=203)		 p-value
Nurse Asks About Pain < 0.001
      No 151a (79.1) 65a (32.0)
      Yes 40a (20.9) 138a (68.0)
Baseline
(N=188)		 Post
(N=200)
Resident Reports Pain 0.021
      No 163 (86.7) 154 (77.0)
      Yes 25 (13.3) 46 (23.0)
Baseline
(N=24b)		 Post
(N=45b)
If Pain, Meds Offered? 0.454
      No 6 (25.0) 8 (17.8)
      Yes 18 (75.0) 37 (82.2)
Baseline
(N=18)		 Post
(N=37)
If Pain & Meds Offered,
Resident Want Meds? 		0.778
      No 2 (11.1) 5 (13.5)
      Yes 16 (88.9) 32 (86.5)
a

Multiple observations per participant; 38 of 43 (88.4%) had a total of 6 observations during the pre-intervention period; 37 of 43 (86.0%) had a total of 6 observations during the post-intervention period.

b

Missing data for 1 observation pre-intervention and 1 observation post-intervention.