TABLE II.
Observed Deaths and Standardized Mortality Ratios in the Cohort*, Males, and Females, 1969–2009
| Cause | Males
|
Females
|
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hourlya
|
Salaried
|
Hourly
|
Salaried
|
|||||||||
| Obs. | SMR | 95% CI | Obs. | SMR | 95% CI | Obs. | SMR | 95% CI | Obs. | SMR | 95% CI | |
| All causes (119 Base) | 3,571 | 0.76 | 0.73–0.78 | 1,521 | 0.51 | 0.49–0.54 | 823 | 0.73 | 0.68–0.79 | 51 | 0.51 | 0.38–0.67 |
| All cancers | 1,005 | 0.83 | 0.78–0.88 | 455 | 0.56 | 0.51–0.61 | 291 | 0.86 | 0.76–0.96 | 20 | 0.64 | 0.39–0.99 |
| MN buccal cavity and pharynx | 14 | 0.52 | 0.28–0.87 | 3 | 0.17 | 0.03–0.49 | 5 | 1.41 | 0.46–3.29 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–11.7 |
| MN digestive organs and peritoneum | 250 | 0.83 | 0.73–0.94 | 130 | 0.65 | 0.54–0.77 | 50 | 0.73 | 0.54–0.96 | 2 | 0.35 | 0.04–1.26 |
| MN esophagus | 29 | 0.71 | 0.48–1.03 | 18 | 0.64 | 0.38–1.00 | 4 | 1.14 | 0.31–2.91 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–12.9 |
| MN stomach | 23 | 0.62 | 0.39–0.93 | 18 | 0.79 | 0.47–1.25 | 3 | 0.48 | 0.10–1.41 | 1 | 1.69 | 0.04–9.44 |
| MN intestine except rectum | 81 | 0.81 | 0.64–1.00 | 43 | 0.66 | 0.47–0.88 | 14 | 0.51 | 0.28–0.86 | 1 | 0.46 | 0.01–2.54 |
| MN rectum | 36 | 1.71 | 1.20–2.36 | 10 | 0.71 | 0.34–1.31 | 5 | 1.00 | 0.33–2.34 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–7.95 |
| MN biliary passages, liver, and gall bladder | 19 | 0.51 | 0.31–0.80 | 11 | 0.42 | 0.21–0.76 | 9 | 1.09 | 0.50–2.08 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–5.09 |
| MN pancreas | 56 | 0.91 | 0.69–1.18 | 28 | 0.66 | 0.44–0.95 | 15 | 0.87 | 0.49–1.43 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–2.71 |
| MN peritoneum and other and unspecified digestive organs | 6 | 1.57 | 0.58–3.43 | 2 | 0.83 | 0.10–3.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–2.67 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–33.2 |
| MN respiratory system | 296 | 0.69 | 0.61–0.77 | 106 | 0.36 | 0.29–0.43 | 68 | 0.81 | 0.63–1.02 | 2 | 0.29 | 0.04–1.05 |
| MN larynx | 7 | 0.48 | 0.19–0.98 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.37 | 2 | 1.71 | 0.21–6.18 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–36.8 |
| MN trachea, bronchus, and lung | 287 | 0.70 | 0.62–0.78 | 103 | 0.36 | 0.29–0.44 | 64 | 0.78 | 0.60–0.99 | 2 | 0.30 | 0.04–1.07 |
| MN pleura | 1 | 1.08 | 0.03–6.00 | 3 | 5.42 | 1.12–15.8 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–47.6 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–695 |
| MN breast | 0 | 0 | 0.00–2.42 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–3.59 | 62 | 0.97 | 0.74–1.24 | 7 | 0.98 | 0.39–2.02 |
| MN female genital organs | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 34 | 0.89 | 0.61–1.24 | 1 | 0.25 | 0.00–4.96 |
| MN ovary | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 24 | 1.19 | 0.77–1.78 | 1 | 0.54 | 0.01–3.20 |
| MN male genital organs | 112 | 0.93 | 0.76–1.12 | 52 | 0.76 | 0.57–1.00 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| MN prostate | 110 | 0.92 | 0.76–1.11 | 52 | 0.77 | 0.58–1.01 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| MN testes | 2 | 1.10 | 0.13–3.97 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–3.38 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| MN urinary tract organs | 69 | 1.12 | 0.87–1.42 | 26 | 0.62 | 0.40–0.90 | 9 | 0.97 | 0.44–1.84 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–5.04 |
| MN kidney | 37 | 1.22 | 0.86–1.68 | 13 | 0.60 | 0.32–1.03 | 6 | 1.07 | 0.39–2.34 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–7.78 |
| MN bladder and other urinary organs | 32 | 1.02 | 0.70–1.44 | 13 | 0.63 | 0.34–1.09 | 3 | 0.81 | 0.17–2.36 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–14.3 |
| MN other and unspecified sites | 131 | 0.84 | 0.71–1.00 | 74 | 0.68 | 0.53–0.86 | 33 | 0.80 | 0.55–1.13 | 6 | 1.49 | 0.55–3.25 |
| Melanoma | 19 | 1.01 | 0.61–1.57 | 18 | 1.29 | 0.76–2.04 | 3 | 0.69 | 0.14–2.03 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–7.33 |
| MN skin (non-melanoma) | 6 | 0.96 | 0.35–2.08 | 2 | 0.45 | 0.05–1.63 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–5.11 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–65.1 |
| Mesothelioma | 7 | 2.18 | 0.88–4.50 | 1 | 0.34 | 0.01–1.92 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–11.4 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–114 |
| MN connective tissue | 4 | 0.59 | 0.16–1.52 | 3 | 0.64 | 0.13–1.86 | 5 | 1.92 | 0.62–4.47 | 1 | 3.12 | 0.08–17.4 |
| MN brain and other parts of nervous system | 24 | 0.82 | 0.52–1.22 | 24 | 1.15 | 0.73–1.71 | 6 | 0.69 | 0.25–1.51 | 1 | 1.05 | 0.03–5.86 |
| MN of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue | 133 | 1.17 | 0.98–1.39 | 64 | 0.82 | 0.63–1.04 | 30 | 1.03 | 0.70–1.48 | 2 | 0.79 | 0.10–2.84 |
| Hodgkin’s disease | 2 | 0.45 | 0.05–1.63 | 2 | 0.70 | 0.08–2.53 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–3.22 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–23.9 |
| Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma | 65 | 1.49 | 1.15–1.89 | 21 | 0.68 | 0.42–1.03 | 11 | 0.95 | 0.48–1.71 | 1 | 1.07 | 0.03–5.94 |
| Multiple myeloma | 21 | 0.96 | 0.59–1.46 | 12 | 0.81 | 0.42–1.41 | 2 | 0.35 | 0.04–1.26 | 1 | 2.26 | 0.06–12.6 |
| Leukemia | 45 | 1.04 | 0.76–1.39 | 29 | 0.98 | 0.65–1.40 | 17 | 1.61 | 0.94–2.57 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–3.65 |
| Benign and unspecified neoplasms | 13 | 0.88 | 0.47–1.51 | 6 | 0.62 | 0.23–1.36 | 1 | 0.21 | 0.01–1.18 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–8.38 |
| Diseases of blood and blood-forming organs | 18 | 0.97 | 0.58–1.53 | 5 | 0.41 | 0.13–0.96 | 3 | 0.55 | 0.11–1.62 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–6.61 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 79 | 0.70 | 0.55–0.87 | 28 | 0.36 | 0.24–0.52 | 18 | 0.48 | 0.29–0.77 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–1.14 |
| Mental, psychoneurotic, and personality disorders | 40 | 0.56 | 0.40–0.76 | 25 | 0.55 | 0.35–0.81 | 9 | 0.43 | 0.20–0.81 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–2.30 |
| Diseases of the nervous system | 87 | 0.84 | 0.67–1.04 | 58 | 0.84 | 0.64–1.09 | 32 | 0.87 | 0.59–1.23 | 3 | 1.12 | 0.23–2.38 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 4 | 0.98 | 0.27–2.51 | 2 | 0.65 | 0.08–2.35 | 3 | 0.95 | 0.20–2.77 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–8.38 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | 15 | 1.45 | 0.81–2.40 | 5 | 0.64 | 0.21–1.50 | 5 | 1.61 | 0.52–3.75 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–14.2 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 21 | 0.87 | 0.54–1.34 | 19 | 1.21 | 0.73–1.89 | 3 | 0.73 | 0.15–2.14 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–21.8 |
| Heart diseases | 1,282 | 0.86 | 0.82–0.91 | 502 | 0.56 | 0.51–0.61 | 187 | 0.70 | 0.60–0.81 | 8 | 0.44 | 0.19–0.87 |
| Other diseases of the circulatory system | 262 | 0.70 | 0.62–0.79 | 136 | 0.62 | 0.52–0.73 | 85 | 0.81 | 0.65–1.00 | 7 | 0.87 | 0.35–1.79 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 165 | 0.69 | 0.58–0.80 | 99 | 0.72 | 0.58–0.87 | 61 | 0.87 | 0.66–1.11 | 3 | 0.58 | 0.12–1.70 |
| Diseases of the respiratory system | 282 | 0.72 | 0.64–0.81 | 95 | 0.39 | 0.32–0.48 | 66 | 0.71 | 0.55–0.90 | 2 | 0.31 | 0.04–1.14 |
| Pneumonia | 70 | 0.63 | 0.49–0.80 | 16 | 0.26 | 0.15–0.43 | 11 | 0.47 | 0.23–0.84 | 1 | 0.59 | 0.02–3.30 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 151 | 0.74 | 0.63–0.87 | 47 | 0.35 | 0.26–0.47 | 36 | 0.72 | 0.50–1.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–1.25 |
| Other respiratory diseases | 52 | 0.86 | 0.64–1.13 | 28 | 0.71 | 0.47–1.03 | 13 | 0.88 | 0.47–1.50 | 1 | 0.86 | 0.02–4.80 |
| Diseases of the digestive system | 112 | 0.59 | 0.48–0.71 | 44 | 0.35 | 0.25–0.47 | 25 | 0.55 | 0.35–0.81 | 2 | 0.44 | 0.05–1.57 |
| Cirrhosis and other chronic liver disease | 51 | 0.54 | 0.40–0.71 | 15 | 0.23 | 0.13–0.38 | 11 | 0.62 | 0.31–1.12 | 1 | 0.45 | 0.01–2.50 |
| Diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissues | 2 | 0.37 | 0.04–1.34 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–1.17 | 2 | 1.03 | 0.12–3.73 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–20.1 |
| Diseases of musculoskeletal and connective tissues | 9 | 0.75 | 0.34–1.43 | 4 | 0.51 | 0.14–1.30 | 4 | 0.48 | 0.13–1.24 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–4.02 |
| Diseases of the genitourinary system | 61 | 0.73 | 0.56–0.94 | 18 | 0.35 | 0.21–0.56 | 12 | 0.50 | 0.26–0.88 | 1 | 0.53 | 0.01–2.97 |
| Acute glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and acute renal failure | 6 | 0.67 | 0.24–1.45 | 2 | 0.35 | 0.04–1.27 | 1 | 0.42 | 0.01–2.36 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–22.1 |
| Chronic and unspecified nephritis and renal failure and other renal sclerosis | 38 | 0.80 | 0.56–1.09 | 10 | 0.32 | 0.16–0.60 | 8 | 0.61 | 0.26–1.20 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–3.33 |
| Symptoms and ill-defined conditions | 17 | 0.33 | 0.19–0.52 | 7 | 0.22 | 0.09–0.46 | 5 | 0.39 | 0.13–0.92 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–2.40 |
| Transportation injuries | 52 | 0.43 | 0.32–0.56 | 26 | 0.36 | 0.23–0.52 | 17 | 0.72 | 0.42–1.16 | 3 | 0.79 | 0.16–2.32 |
| Falls | 13 | 0.42 | 0.23–0.73 | 10 | 0.51 | 0.25–0.95 | 4 | 0.69 | 0.19–1.77 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–8.65 |
| Other injury | 44 | 0.41 | 0.30–0.55 | 17 | 0.26 | 0.15–0.42 | 15 | 0.70 | 0.39–1.15 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00–1.02 |
| Violence | 85 | 0.58 | 0.46–0.71 | 20 | 0.21 | 0.13–0.33 | 7 | 0.32 | 0.13–0.66 | 2 | 0.49 | 0.06–1.75 |
| Other and unspecified causes | 103 | 0.88 | 0.72–1.06 | 63 | 0.80 | 0.61–1.02 | 37 | 0.93 | 0.65–1.28 | 3 | 0.67 | 0.14–1.97 |
SMR, standardized mortality ratio; CI, confidence interval; MN, malignant neoplasm; BN, benign neoplasm; NR, not reported.
*
Workers employed at least 91 days, 1969–2001. Results based on US population rates 1960–2007 for all outcomes except mesothelioma (based on US population rates 1999–2004) and testicular cancer. ICD rates were mapped to cause of death categories as described by Robinson et al. [2006], Schubauer-Berigan et al. [2011], and on the NISOH website (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ltas/rates.html).
a
Salaried if ever classified as “exempt” during first 5 years employed at facility 1969 or later, otherwise hourly.