TABLE III.

Cumulative Chemical Exposure Score Univariate Cox Modeling Results

Outcome (number of cases)a	Chemical or chemical classb	Parameter estimate (per modified exposure yeara,c)	Hazard ratio at 5 modified exposure years	95% Confidence interval (5 modified exposure-years)
MN bladder and other urinary organs (48)	Chlorinated hydrocarbons	−0.0539	0.76	0.52–1.12
	PCE	−0.0237	0.89	0.37–2.13
	TCE	−0.632	0.04	0.00–5.71
MN brain and other parts of nervous system (55)	Chlorinated hydrocarbons	−0.0864	0.65	0.36–1.17
	MC	−0.535	0.07	0.00–3.83
	PCE	−0.116	0.56	0.12–2.65
	TCE	−0.933	0.01	0.00–24.6
COPD (234)	Acids and bases	0.0177	1.09	0.98–1.22
MN kidney (56)	Chlorinated hydrocarbons	0.0000713	1.00	0.78–1.28
	PCE	−0.383	0.15	0.01–4.04
	TCE	0.0427	1.24	0.87–1.77
MN liver, biliary passages, and gallbladder (39)	Chlorinated hydrocarbons	−0.03672	0.83	0.55–1.26
	Other hydrocarbons	−0.00810	0.96	0.73–1.26
	PCE	−0.04602	0.79	0.27–2.30
	TCE	−0.00300	0.99	0.50–1.95
MN lung, trachea, and bronchus (456)	Chlorinated hydrocarbons	0.00278	1.01	0.93–1.10
	MC	−0.0136	0.93	0.80–1.09
	TCE	0.00571	1.03	0.87–1.22
MN testes (32)	Chlorinated hydrocarbons	0.0306	1.17	0.69–1.96
	Other hydrocarbons	0.00201	1.01	0.61–1.68
	PCE	0.0193	1.10	0.38–3.17
	TCE	0.0938	1.60	0.71–3.59
Multiple myeloma (36)	Chlorinated hydrocarbons	−0.0138	0.93	0.64–1.35
	MC	−0.0587	0.75	0.32–1.75
	Other hydrocarbons	−0.0531	0.77	0.51–1.16
	PCE	−0.6473	0.04	0.00–59.7
	TCE	0.0331	1.18	0.70–1.99
Non-CLL leukemia (77)	Chlorinated hydrocarbons	0.0191	1.10	0.92–1.32
	MC	−0.00786	0.96	0.67–1.38
	Other hydrocarbons	0.00942	1.05	0.90–1.22
	PCE	0.00971	1.05	0.66–1.66
	TCE	0.0541	1.31	0.98–1.75
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (98)	Chlorinated hydrocarbons	−0.0212	0.90	0.73–1.11
	MC	−0.0680	0.71	0.43–1.17
	Other hydrocarbons	−0.0430	0.81	0.65–1.00
	PCE	0.0440	1.25	0.90–1.73
	TCE	−0.0269	0.87	0.57–1.35
Non-malignant chronic renal disease (56) (chronic and unspecified nephritis, renal failure, and other renal sclerosis)	Chlorinated hydrocarbons	−0.0148	0.93	0.72–1.21
	Lead	0.0197	1.10	0.82–1.49
	PCE	−0.0129	0.94	0.47–1.86
	TCE	0.0134	1.07	0.70–1.63
Non-malignant diseases of the nervous system (171)	Chlorinated hydrocarbons	0.00711	1.04	0.90–1.19
	Lead	−0.00874	0.96	0.75–1.22
	MC	0.00776	1.04	0.83–1.31
	Other hydrocarbons	0.0126	1.07	0.95–1.20
	PCE	0.0534	1.31	1.01–1.69
	TCE	−0.00204	0.99	0.73–1.34

CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MC, methylene chloride; MN, malignant neoplasms; PCE, perchlorethylene; TCE, trichloroethylene.

^aMortality for all outcomes except testicular cancer incidence.

^bExamples of chemicals included in chemical classes: acids and bases (hydrochloric acid or ferric chloride), chlorinated hydrocarbons (MC, methyl chloroform, PCE, TCE), other hydrocarbons (isopropyl alcohol and other alcohols, epoxy resin and hardener, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and other glycol ethers, methyl ethyl ketone, oil mist).

^cEach model contains one cumulative chemical exposure score variate. All models have been adjusted for paycode and sex. Paycode is salaried if ever classified as “exempt” during first 5 years employed at facility 1969 or later, otherwise hourly. The modified cumulative exposure score-year is the duration employed in departments using a chemical or chemical class, modified by the extent of general chemical use based on department factors (0 for departments with no or negligible chemical use, 1 for intermediate/intermittent chemical processing, 2 for routine chemical use), and by the position factor for the worker’s position title (0.1 for positions with minimal exposure likelihood, 1 for positions with exposure potential). Ten-year lags have been imposed for all outcomes except leukemia (2-year lag used).