Table 4.

Tests of Within-Group Differences (Post-Baseline Assessments)

Outcome variable	Condition	Contrast estimate	SE	Z statistic	p value	Effect size (Cohen’s d)
IOWA CRS OD	MFG	−1.46	0.28	−5.21	.00**	.42
	SAU	0.02	0.42	0.05	.96	.01
SSRS-SSS	MFG	4.76	0.84	5.70	.00**	.44
	SAU	−0.12	1.18	−0.10	.92	.01
IRS #1	MFG	−0.64	0.12	−5.30	.00**	.44
	SAU	−0.68	0.18	−3.82	.00**	.47
IRS #2	MFG	−0.85	0.12	−6.82	.00**	.58
	SAU	−0.51	0.18	−2.76	.01*	.35
IRS #3	MFG	−0.70	0.13	−5.39	.00**	.46
	SAU	−0.61	0.19	−3.14	.00**	.39
IRS #4	MFG	−0.80	0.13	−6.17	.00**	.55
	SAU	−0.37	0.19	−1.93	.05†	.25
IRS #5	MFG	−0.78	0.12	−6.32	.00**	.55
	SAU	−0.31	0.18	−1.72	.09†	.22
IRS #6	MFG	−1.06	0.11	−9.44	.00**	.94
	SAU	−0.78	0.17	−4.67	.00**	.69

IOWA CRS OD = Iowa Connors Oppositional/Defiant Subscale; MFG = multiple family group; SAU = services as usual; SSRS-SSS = Social Skills Rating Scale–Social Skills Subscale; IRS #1 = Impairment Rating Scale Impairment Playmates; IRS #2 = Impairment Rating Scale Impairment Parents; IRS #3 = Impairment Rating Scale Impairment Academics; IRS #4 = Impairment Rating Scale Impairment Self-Esteem; IRS #5 = Impairment Rating Scale Impairment Family; IRS #6 = Impairment Rating Scale Overall Impairment/Need for Services.

^†p < .10

^*p < .05

^**p < .01