Table 4.
Socio-economic and demographic characteristics significantly associated with access to prompt treatment with any anti-malarial drug among children under five
| Country | Variable significantly associated with prompt treatment with any anti-malarial drug | Category with highest percentage of children who received prompt treatment with any anti-malarial drug | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | p value | Category | % (95% CI) | |
| A | B | C | D | E |
| Angola | Relationship to the head of household | 0.032 | Grandchild | 64.2 (55.3–73.2) |
| Education level of the mother | 0.029 | Secondary and above | 68.1 (60.7–75.6) | |
| Region of residence (endemicity) | 0.032 | Mesoendemica estavel | 67.4 (61.0–75.6) | |
| Place of residence | 0.042 | Urban | 62.6 (57.9–67.3) | |
| Wealth quintiles | 0.030 | Lowest | 67.5 (54.3–80.6) | |
| Benin | Education level of the mother | <0.0001 | Secondary and above | 85.2 (79.4–91.0) |
| Region of residence | <0.0001 | Littoral | 91.0 (85.6–96.1) | |
| Place of residence | <0.0001 | Urban | 84.5 (81.9–87.1) | |
| Wealth quintiles | <0.0001 | Highest | 84.1 (80.0–88.1) | |
| Ethiopiaa | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Ghana | Child’s sex | 0.049 | Male | 59.4 (50.5–68.3) |
| Region of residence | <0.0001 | Upper east | 87.0 (72.9–100.0) | |
| Kenya | Age of the mother | 0.043 | 20–29 years | 53.0 (45.3–60.6) |
| Education level of the mother | 0.008 | Secondary and above | 66.5 (54.3–78.7) | |
| Region of residence | <0.0001 | Central province | 86.0 (63.0–100.0) | |
| Wealth quintiles | 0.023 | Fourth | 65.5 (51.4–79.6) | |
| Liberia | Place of residence | 0.025 | Rural | 65.6 (61.0–70.0) |
| Wealth quintiles | <0.0001 | Lowest | 69.8 (63.6–75.9) | |
| Madagascar | Region of residence | <0.0001 | n/ab | n/a |
| Malawi | Relationship to the head of household | 0.033 | Child | 75.5 (69.4–81.6) |
| Malia | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Mozambique | Age of the mother | <0.0001 | 20–29 years | 79.1 (73.1–85.1) |
| Region of residence | <0.0001 | Tete | 99.7 (74.3–100.0) | |
| Rwanda | Wealth quintiles | 0.051c | Highest | 81.1 (64.6–97.6) |
| Senegal | Child’s sex | 0.046 | Female | 84.0 (75.1–92.9) |
| Tanzania mainland | Child’s age | 0.056c | 24–59 months | 73.0 (68.0–77.0) |
| Region of residence | <0.0001 | Mtwara | 96.4 (89.6–100.0) | |
| Uganda | Region of residence | <0.0001 | Karamoja | 81.1 (75.0–87.1) |
| Place of residence | 0.039 | Urban | 68.6 (63.6–73.6) | |
| Zambia | Education level of the mother | 0.007 | Secondary and above | 65.7 (56.2–75.2) |
| Region of residence | <0.0001 | Southern | 78.9 (66.5–91.3) | |
| Wealth quintiles | <0.0001 | Fourth | 66.8 (56.9–76.8) | |
| Zanzibara | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
p values (column C) indicate that the corresponding variable (column B) is significantly associated with prompt treatment with any anti-malarial drug; categories in column D are those that have the highest proportion of children who received prompt treatment with any anti-malarial drug for each corresponding variable in column B
95 % CI 95 % confidence interval, N number of children
aData on time to treatment was not available
bRegion of residence is significantly associated with prompt treatment with any anti-malarial drug; however, the number of children for each of the 20 regions is fewer than 30, so percentages were not computed
cAlthough these values are p > 0.05, they were included because they show borderline significance