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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cell Physiol. 2015 Dec;230(12):2869–2874. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25047

Figure 1. Development of PML.

Figure 1

A schematic diagram of important aspects of the development of PML is shown. JCV is transmitted to the host and is disseminated, which in human is thought to occur orally followed by the hematogenous spread and in animal models may be by injection or otherwise as specified in Column 3 of Table 2. Virus enters the brain (grey) where it may go on to replicate and cause PML (red). Cells of the immune system may initially aid the spread of JCV via white blood cells, which may harbor and transport the virus and cross the blood-brain barrier conveying virus into the CNS prior to the onset of PML. On the other hand, the cellular immune system may be involved in neuroimmunoserveillance, control of the virus and inhibition of PML development by removing infected glial cells via virus-specific cytotoxic T-cells.