Table 1.
Clinical profile of study participants.
| Subj. code | Age/sex | AE | Refractive error
|
Visual acuity
|
Ocular alignment (prism diopters)
|
SeA (arc sec) | AE fixation | Treatment history | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | Distance | Near | ||||||
| Game group | |||||||||||
| A1 | 21/F | R | +3.50/−2.75 × 170 | +0.50 | 0.18 | −0.08 | Ortho | Ortho | 70 | Central | Patched at age 10 |
| A2 | 20/F | L | +0.50/−0.75 × 130 | +1.50/−0.75 × 20 | −0.06 | 0.16 | Ortho | 5 XP | 25 | Central | No treatment |
| A3 | 23/F | L | −4.00/−1.25 × 178 | −2.00/−4.75 × 9 | −0.12 | 0.28 | 2XP | 4 XP | 50 | Central | No treatment |
| A4 | 35/M | R | +3.50/−7.50 × 5 | +0.5/−0.25 × 5 | 0.22 | −0.24 | Ortho | 3XP | 200 | Central | Patched at ages 3–6 |
| A5 | 59/F | L | +0.75/−0.25 × 134 | +5.00/−0.50 × 074 | −0.10 | 0.66 | 2XP | 4XP | F | Central | Patched at ages 6–10/11 |
| A6 | 48/M | L | Plano/−0.50 × 95 | +4.00/−1.50 × 80 | 0.04 | 0.44 | 6XP | 2XP | F | Central | Patched at ages 8–10/11 |
| A7 | 20/M | L | +0.75/−0.75 × 180 | +2.00/−1.00 × 130 | 0.00 | 0.26 | Ortho | Ortho | 70 | Central | No treatment |
| A8 | 19/M | R | −13.50 | −4.00 | 1.22 | −0.14 | Ortho | Ortho | 200 | Central | No treatment |
| A9 | 62/F | L | +1.75/−0.50 × 10 | +5.75/−0.75 × 165 | 0.02 | 0.86 | Ortho | Ortho | F | Central | No treatment |
| A10 | 35/F | L | −1.75/−0.50 × 172 | +2.00/−1.00 × 168 | 0.00 | 0.80 | Ortho | Ortho | F | Central | Patched at age 5 |
| S1 | 42/F | L | Plano/−0.25 × 111 | −0.25/−0.75 × 18 | −0.20 | 0.54 | Ortho | 4 IXT | 100 | Central | Patched at ages 9–11 |
| S2* | 52/M | L | +7.00/−1.00 × 109 | +6.75/−0.75 × 93 | 0.10 | 0.88 | 10 LET | 15 LET | F | Central | No treatment |
| S3 | 59/M | L | −0.75/−0.75 × 100 | Plano/−0.75 × 100 | 0.04 | 0.36 | 12 L HypoT | 12 L HypoT | F | Central unsteady | No treatment |
| S4 | 60/M | L | Plano | +1.00/−2.25 × 90 | 0.04 | 0.62 | 25 LXT, 3 LHyperT | 28 LXT, 3 LHyperT | F | N/A | Strabismus Sx at age 7 |
| S5 | 52/F | L | +6.50/−1.00 × 160 | +7.00/−1.00 × 20 | 0.06 | 0.78 | 12 LXT | 8–10 LXT | F | Central | Patched at 18 months old |
| S6* | 57/F | L | +3.25/−1.50 × 123 | +3.25/−2.00 × 47 | −0.06 | 0.22 | 5 LET, 12 L HypoT | 5 LET, 12 LHypoT | 400 | Central | Strabismus Sx at age 5 |
| S7 | 21/F | L | +4.00 | +5.00/−1.00 × 10 | −0.12 | 0.44 | 6 LET | 5 LET | F | Central | Patching, atropine at age 6 |
| S8 | 22/M | R | Plano | −1.25/−0.25 × 130 | 0.88 | 0.04 | 8 RET | 1 RET | F | Central | N/A |
| S9 | 35/F | L | +0.50/−0.50 × 180 | +3.50/−5.25 × 172 | −0.10 | 0.28 | 4XP | 12–14 LXT | 100 | Central | Patched at preschool age for ~2 years |
| S10 | 50/F | L | +1.75/−0.50 × 129 | +4.50/−1.25 × 054 | −0.10 | 0.74 | 8 LET, 2 LHyperT | 8 LET, 2 LHyperT | F | Central | Patched at ages 4–5 |
| S11 | 24/F | L | −4.75/−1.00 × 30 | −1.75 | 0.02 | 0.62 | 16 LXT 6 LHypoT | 20 LXT, 6 LHypoT | F | Central, unsteady | Patched at preschool, non-compliant |
| S12 | 40/M | R | +0.25/−1.00 × 143 | −4.75/−1.00 × 6 | 0.92 | 0.04 | 6 RET | 8 RET | F | Central | Three Sx: at infancy and in 2000 & 2006 |
| S13 | 54/F | R | +5.50 | +1.50/−0.50 × 155 | 0.92 | −0.02 | 6 RXT, 3LHypo T | 6 RXT, 3 LHypoT | F | 2L ± 30′ TEF | Patched for a year at age 6 |
| Movies group | |||||||||||
| A11 | 31/M | L | +1.75 | +8.5/−2.25 × 60 | −0.14 | 0.66 | Ortho | 2XP | F | Central | Patched at age 8 for 1.5 years |
| A12 | 30/F | R | −6.00/−0.75 × 180 | −4.5 | 0.64 | −0.20 | Ortho | 3EP | 70 | Central | Patched for a year at age 15 |
| A13 | 29/F | L | −0.25 | +2.5/−0.25 × 07 | −0.16 | 0.50 | Ortho | Ortho | 140 | Central | Patched, age8–9 |
| A14 | 23/F | L | −0.25/−0.75 × 180 | +4.50/−5.25 × 180 | 0.00 | 0.48 | Ortho | Ortho | 200 | Central | Patched at age 17–18 and vision therapy |
| A15 | 46/M | R | −12.75/−0.75 × 067 | −8.75/−0.75 × 045 | 0.86 | 0.08 | 8XP | 5XP | F | Central | Patched at age 6–7 |
| A16 | 45/M | R | +5.50/−2.25 × 160 | Plano | 0.48 | −0.10 | Ortho | Ortho | F | Central | Patched at age 5 |
| S14 | 66/M | R | +5.50/−2.5 × 10 | +5.00/−2.50 × 180 | 0.46 | 0.04 | 15 RXT, 6 L HypoT | 12 RXT, 5 L Hypo T | F | 1.5L TEF | Patched at age 1 for a few weeks |
| S15* | 56/M | R | −1.50/−0.25 × 90 | −1.50/−0.25 × 140 | 0.32 | 0.12 | 12–14 RET | 15–16 RET | F | Central | No treatment |
| S16 | 59/F | L | −3.75 | −2.5 | 0.02 | 0.30 | 4R HT | 3EP, 4 R HT | 70 | Central | Patching at age 18– 30 months |
| S17 | 23/F | L | +7.25/−0.25 × 120 | +9/−0.5 × 155 | −0.02 | 0.24 | 3XP | 3LXT | 30 | Central | Patched at age 4 |
| S18 | 63/F | R | +5.00/−1.50 × 90 | +0.75 | 0.22 | −0.10 | 2 RET | 2 RET | 140 | Central | No treatment |
| S19 | 41/F | L | +3.00 | +5.25 | −0.14 | 0.72 | 10 LET | 5 LET | F | Central | Patched at age 4–5 |
| S20 | 41/F | L | −5.00/−0.25 × 026 | +1.00/−3.50 × 158 | 0.00 | 0.28 | 2 LXT | 2 LET | F | Central | No treatment |
| S21 | 25/M | R | −9.25 | −2.00/−1.00 × 005 | 0.82 | −0.20 | 6 RXT | 6RXT | 140 | Not Central★ | Patched at ages 7–8 |
| S22 | 23/M | L | −7.00 | −3.25/−1.00 × 160 | 0.02 | 0.30 | L6HT,8XT | L4HT, 8XT | F | N/A | Patched at ages 11–12 |
Abbreviations: (1) Amblyopic etiology; A, anisometropic; S/, strabismic; S, both strabismus and anisometropia; (2) AE, amblyopic eye (R – right; L – left); (3) Ocular Alignment. Ortho, Orthophoria; XP, exophoria; EP, esophoria; XT, exotropia; ET, esotropia; IXT, Intermittent exotropia; ALT ET, Alternating esotropia; HyperT, hypertropia; HypoT, hypotropia; (4) SeA, stereoacuity. F, failed (>400 arcsec); (5) Fixation. TEF, temporal eccentric fixation;
★
, magnitude not measured; (6) N/A, missing data; (7) Sx, surgery. Note that treatment history includes any treatment beyond glass prescription. Age appropriate near correction was used for the various test distances. Units: visual acuity is given in logMAR units.