Table 3.

Linear Regression Analysis for the Association of NAFLD with Continuous Markers of Subclinical Myocardial Dysfunction, The CARDIA Study, 2010-2011

	Model 1: Base modela		Model 2: Base + HF risk factorsb		Model 3: Base + BMI		Model 4: Base + VAT		Model 5: Base + HF risk factors + BMI		Model 6: Base + HF risk factors + VAT
	β (SE)	P value	β (SE)	P value	β (SE)	P value	β (SE)	P value	β (SE)	P value	β (SE)	P value
Cardiac Dimensions
LV mass indexc	5.8 (0.8)	<0.0001	2.8 (0.8)	0.0004	0.8 (0.7)	0.24	1.4 (0.8)	0.08	0.09 (0.72)	0.90	0.42 (0.80)	0.60
LV end-diastolic volume	−1.9 (1.8)	0.03	−2.2 (1.9)	0.24	−7.1 (1.8)	<0.0001	−4.0 (2.0)	0.04	−8.1 (1.83)	<0.0001	−5.5 (2.0)	0.006
Left atrial volume indexd	1.9 (0.6)	0.001	0.6 (0.6)	0.34	−1.6 (0.6)	0.004	−0.7 (0.6)	0.28	−1.6 (0.60)	0.005	−0.9 (0.63)	0.15
LV systolic myocardial function
Absolute GLS	−0.93 (0.16)	<0.0001	−0.58 (0.17)	0.0005	−0.59 (0.17)	0.0005	−0.42 (0.18)	0.02	−0.34 (0.17)	0.04	−0.27 (0.18)	0.05
LV diastolic myocardial function
E/A ratio	−0.13 (0.02)	<0.0001	−0.06 (.02)	0.008	−0.07 (0.02)	0.003	−0.03 (0.03)	0.26	−0.04 (0.02)	0.14	−0.008 (0.03)	0.75
E/e’ ratio	0.80 (0.15)	<0.0001	0.34 (.15)	0.03	0.35 (0.15)	0.004	0.35 (0.16)	0.03	0.20 (0.15)	0.20	0.16 (0.16)	0.31
Lateral tissue Doppler e’ velocity	−0.77 (0.14)	<0.0001	−0.34 (.14)	0.02	−0.32 (0.15)	0.0004	−0.36 (0.15)	0.02	−0.28 (0.15)	0.05	−0.22 (0.15)	0.05
Hemodynamic variables
Cardiac output	.78 (.11)	<0.0001	0.41 (0.11)	0.0002	0.27 (0.11)	0.01	0.22 (0.11)	0.06	0.12 (0.11)	0.27	0.08 (0.11)	0.47

Abbreviations: GLS, global longitudinal strain; HF, heart failure; BMI, body mass index; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; LV, left ventricle

NAFLD is defined as CT liver attenuation ≤ 40 HU

^aBase model: center, age, race, sex, education, income level, alcohol intake (drinks/week), smoking status (current/former vs. never), physical activity score

^bHF risk factors: systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, anti-hyperlipidemic medication use, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, diabetes status, GFR

^cIndexed to height^2.7

^dIndexed to height